{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:22:40Z","timestamp":1774567360691,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4072-B28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4072-B28"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013924","name":"Wirtschaftsagentur Wien","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2343727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2343727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoclastogenesis required for bone remodeling is also a key pathologic mechanism of inflammatory osteolysis being controlled by paracrine factors released from dying cells. The secretome of irradiated, dying peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has a major impact on the differentiation of myeloid cells into dendritic cells, and macrophage polarization. The impact on osteoclastogenesis, however, has not been reported. For this aim, we used murine bone marrow macrophages exposed to RANKL and M-CSF to initiate osteoclastogenesis, with and without the secretome obtained from \u03b3-irradiated PBMCs. We reported that the secretome significantly enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis as determined by means of histochemical staining of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), as well as the expression of the respective target genes, including TRAP and cathepsin K. Considering that TGF-\u03b2 enhanced osteoclastogenesis, we confirmed the TGF-\u03b2 activity in the secretome with a bioassay that was based on the increased expression of IL11 in fibroblasts. Neutralizing TGF-\u03b2 by an antibody decreased the ability of the secretome to support osteoclastogenesis. These findings suggested that TGF-\u03b2 released by irradiated PBMCs could enhance the process of osteoclastogenesis in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T08:44:02Z","timestamp":1605257042000},"page":"8569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["TGF-\u03b2 in the Secretome of Irradiated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Supports In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Layla","family":"Panahipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University Clinics for Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Kargarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University Clinics for Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Laggner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6892-925X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Mildner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendrik J.","family":"Ankersmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University Clinics for Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstra\u00dfe 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1504","article-title":"Bone resorption by osteoclasts","volume":"289","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra053077","article-title":"Bone quality\u2014The material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility","volume":"354","author":"Seeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. 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