{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:08:44Z","timestamp":1777702124151,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011912","name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V108B-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V108B-032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With advances in the understanding of characteristics of molecules, specific antigens on the surface of hematological malignant cells were identified and multiple therapies targeting these antigens as neoplasm treatments were developed. Among them, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which got United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for relapsed\/refractory (r\/r) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as well as for recurrent acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) within the past five years, and for r\/r mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) this year, represents one of the most rapidly evolving immunotherapies. Nevertheless, its applicability to other hematological malignancies, as well as its efficacy and persistence are fraught with clinical challenges. Currently, more than one thousand clinical trials in CAR T-cell therapy are ongoing and its development is changing rapidly. This review introduces the current status of CAR T-cell therapy in terms of the basic molecular aspects of CAR T-cell therapy, its application in hematological malignancies, adverse reactions during clinical use, remaining challenges, and future utilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T07:23:28Z","timestamp":1605597808000},"page":"8655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gene Modified CAR-T Cellular Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wen-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Fu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hueng-Chuen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tungs\u2019 Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Tungs\u2019 Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435403, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-09-659581","article-title":"Blood at 70: Its roots in the history of hematology and its birth","volume":"126","author":"Coller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.10.035","article-title":"Cellular Immunotherapy for Hematologic Malignancies: Beyond Bone Marrow Transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Cirillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. 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