{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:14:49Z","timestamp":1790799289407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":196,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center, Poland","award":["UMO-2018\/29\/B\/NZ3\/02675"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/29\/B\/NZ3\/02675"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Caveolae are the cholesterol-rich small invaginations of the plasma membrane present in many cell types including adipocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles. They serve as specialized platforms for many signaling molecules and regulate important cellular processes like energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, mitochondria homeostasis, and mechano-transduction. Caveolae can be internalized together with associated cargo. The caveolae-dependent endocytic pathway plays a role in the withdrawal of many plasma membrane components that can be sent for degradation or recycled back to the cell surface. Caveolae are formed by oligomerization of caveolin proteins. Caveolin-3 is a muscle-specific isoform, whose malfunction is associated with several diseases including diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Mutations in Caveolin-3 are known to cause muscular dystrophies that are collectively called caveolinopathies. Altered expression of Caveolin-3 is also observed in Duchenne\u2019s muscular dystrophy, which is likely a part of the pathological process leading to muscle weakness. This review summarizes the major functions of Caveolin-3 in skeletal muscles and discusses its involvement in the pathology of muscular dystrophies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1605767032000},"page":"8736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["A Role for Caveolin-3 in the Pathogenesis of Muscular Dystrophies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6346-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhola Shankar","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stab\u0142owicka Street, 54-066 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1115-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz J.","family":"Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u0141ukasiewicz Research Network\u2013PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, 147 Stab\u0142owicka Street, 54-066 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.6.2401","article-title":"Novel tyrosine kinase substrates from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells are present in the membrane skeleton","volume":"108","author":"Glenney","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.1.131","article-title":"Identification, sequence, and expression of caveolin-2 defines a caveolin gene family","volume":"93","author":"Scherer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.4.2255","article-title":"Molecular cloning of caveolin-3, a novel member of the caveolin gene family expressed predominantly in muscle","volume":"271","author":"Tang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01256-7","article-title":"M-caveolin, a muscle-specific caveolin-related protein","volume":"376","author":"Way","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25718","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.36.25718","article-title":"Expression of caveolin-1 is required for the transport of caveolin-2 to the plasma membrane. Retention of caveolin-2 at the level of the golgi complex","volume":"274","author":"Parolini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00046.2003","article-title":"Role of caveolae and caveolins in health and disease","volume":"84","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1315359111","article-title":"MURC\/Cavin-4 facilitates recruitment of ERK to caveolae and concentric cardiac hypertrophy induced by alpha1-adrenergic receptors","volume":"111","author":"Ogata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"L843","article-title":"Role of plasmalemmal caveolae in signal transduction","volume":"275","author":"Shaul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2000.4960","article-title":"Caveolae: Uniform structures with multiple functions in signaling, cell growth, and cancer","volume":"261","author":"Stahlhut","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09405-5","article-title":"Dystrophy-associated caveolin-3 mutations reveal that caveolae couple IL6\/STAT3 signaling with mechanosensing in human muscle cells","volume":"10","author":"Dewulf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(01)02105-0","article-title":"Caveolae and caveolin-3 in muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Galbiati","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0498-365","article-title":"Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene cause autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy","volume":"18","author":"Minetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.4.538","article-title":"Caveolinopathies: Mutations in caveolin-3 cause four distinct autosomal dominant muscle diseases","volume":"62","author":"Woodman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64412-4","article-title":"Caveolin-1 mutations (P132L and null) and the pathogenesis of breast cancer: Caveolin-1 (P132L) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-\/-) null mice show mammary epithelial cell hyperplasia","volume":"161","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.54.3.431","article-title":"Caveolae: From cell biology to animal physiology","volume":"54","author":"Razani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.7.2329-2344.2002","article-title":"Caveolin-2-deficient mice show evidence of severe pulmonary dysfunction without disruption of caveolae","volume":"22","author":"Razani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.3.173","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing mutant caveolin-3 show severe myopathy associated with increased nNOS activity","volume":"10","author":"Sunada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/90050","article-title":"Mutations in CAV3 cause mechanical hyperirritability of skeletal muscle in rippling muscle disease","volume":"28","author":"Betz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1055","article-title":"Increased number of caveolae and caveolin-3 overexpression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"261","author":"Repetto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116661","article-title":"Deficiency of dystrophin-associated proteins in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients lacking COOH-terminal domains of dystrophin","volume":"92","author":"Matsumura","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70326-6","article-title":"Prevention of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"14","author":"Angelini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1038\/4033","article-title":"Expression of full-length utrophin prevents muscular dystrophy in mdx mice","volume":"4","author":"Tinsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21605","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002558200","article-title":"A molecular dissection of caveolin-1 membrane attachment and oligomerization. Two separate regions of the caveolin-1 C-terminal domain mediate membrane binding and oligomer\/oligomer interactions in vivo","volume":"275","author":"Schlegel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22660","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.32.22660","article-title":"A role for the caveolin scaffolding domain in mediating the membrane attachment of caveolin-1. The caveolin scaffolding domain is both necessary and sufficient for membrane binding in vitro","volume":"274","author":"Schlegel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40302","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.377085","article-title":"Characterization of the molecular architecture of human caveolin-3 and interaction with the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor","volume":"287","author":"Whiteley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.94.1.1","article-title":"The concept of lipid domains in membranes","volume":"94","author":"Karnovsky","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)86027-1","article-title":"Lipid domains in membranes. Evidence derived from structural perturbations induced by free fatty acids and lifetime heterogeneity analysis","volume":"255","author":"Klausner","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174621","article-title":"Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle","volume":"327","author":"Lingwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.2004.04117.x","article-title":"Lipids and glycosphingolipids in caveolae and surrounding plasma membrane of primary rat adipocytes","volume":"271","author":"Ortegren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026593307882","article-title":"Use of a photoactivable GM1 ganglioside analogue to assess lipid distribution in caveolae bilayer","volume":"17","author":"Pitto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/42408","article-title":"Functional rafts in cell membranes","volume":"387","author":"Simons","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9256","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900216106","article-title":"A distinct pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in caveolae revealed by a nanoscale labeling technique","volume":"106","author":"Fujita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26391","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602577200","article-title":"Microtubules and actin microfilaments regulate lipid raft\/caveolae localization of adenylyl cyclase signaling components","volume":"281","author":"Head","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2008.00733.x","article-title":"High-resolution 3D quantitative analysis of caveolar ultrastructure and caveola-cytoskeleton interactions","volume":"9","author":"Richter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200903053","article-title":"MURC\/Cavin-4 and cavin family members form tissue-specific caveolar complexes","volume":"185","author":"Bastiani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1887","article-title":"SDPR induces membrane curvature and functions in the formation of caveolae","volume":"11","author":"Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.46","article-title":"SRBC\/cavin-3 is a caveolin adapter protein that regulates caveolae function","volume":"28","author":"McMahon","year":"2009","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.1.101","article-title":"Dynamin at the neck of caveolae mediates their budding to form transport vesicles by GTP-driven fission from the plasma membrane of endothelium","volume":"141","author":"Oh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00117-5","article-title":"APPL proteins link Rab5 to nuclear signal transduction via an endosomal compartment","volume":"116","author":"Miaczynska","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00785-5","article-title":"Interaction of EGF receptor and grb2 in living cells visualized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy","volume":"10","author":"Sorkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/35074539","article-title":"Caveolar endocytosis of simian virus 40 reveals a new two-step vesicular-transport pathway to the ER","volume":"3","author":"Pelkmans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00242","article-title":"Characterization of Zika Virus Endocytic Pathways in Human Glioblastoma Cells","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200407078","article-title":"Ultrastructural identification of uncoated caveolin-independent early endocytic vehicles","volume":"168","author":"Kirkham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.01-06-0317","article-title":"Caveolae are highly immobile plasma membrane microdomains, which are not involved in constitutive endocytic trafficking","volume":"13","author":"Thomsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C854","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00147.2016","article-title":"Caveolin-3 plays a critical role in autophagy after ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"311","author":"Kassan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-010-9881-8","article-title":"Role of caveolae in cardiac protection","volume":"32","author":"Roth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23738","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212892200","article-title":"Caveolin interacts with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor during exocytic transport but not at the plasma membrane","volume":"278","author":"Wyse","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5419","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.10.5419","article-title":"Caveolins, a family of scaffolding proteins for organizing \u201cpreassembled signaling complexes\u201d at the plasma membrane","volume":"273","author":"Okamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17744","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.28.17744","article-title":"Dynamic targeting of the agonist-stimulated m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to caveolae in cardiac myocytes","volume":"272","author":"Feron","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12109","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.20.12109","article-title":"Myogenic vector expression of insulin-like growth factor I stimulates muscle cell differentiation and myofiber hypertrophy in transgenic mice","volume":"270","author":"Coleman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/84839","article-title":"Localized Igf-1 transgene expression sustains hypertrophy and regeneration in senescent skeletal muscle","volume":"27","author":"Musaro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11227-4","article-title":"mTORC1 and PKB\/Akt control the muscle response to denervation by regulating autophagy and HDAC4","volume":"10","author":"Castets","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","article-title":"Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"294","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.011","article-title":"Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival","volume":"142","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.7.2407-2414.2003","article-title":"Caveolin-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase\/Akt pathway increases arsenite cytotoxicity","volume":"23","author":"Shack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.13.1941","article-title":"Inhibition of the anti-apoptotic PI(3)K\/Akt\/Bad pathway by stress","volume":"12","author":"Zundel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00905","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00905","article-title":"Cavin-3 dictates the balance between ERK and Akt signaling","volume":"2","author":"Hernandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2012.06.012","article-title":"Structure-based reassessment of the caveolin signaling model: Do caveolae regulate signaling through caveolin-protein interactions?","volume":"23","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.024588","article-title":"Evolutionary analysis and molecular dissection of caveola biogenesis","volume":"121","author":"Kirkham","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011068","article-title":"The relative contributions of the folds and caveolae to the surface membrane of frog skeletal muscle fibres at different sarcomere lengths","volume":"250","author":"Dulhunty","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201504042","article-title":"Caveolae protect endothelial cells from membrane rupture during increased cardiac output","volume":"211","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201501046","article-title":"The caveolin-cavin system plays a conserved and critical role in mechanoprotection of skeletal muscle","volume":"210","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.12.031","article-title":"Cells respond to mechanical stress by rapid disassembly of caveolae","volume":"144","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31414","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M001708200","article-title":"Cell confluence-dependent remodeling of endothelial membranes mediated by cholesterol","volume":"275","author":"Corvera","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34724","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.52.34724","article-title":"In situ flow activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase in luminal caveolae of endothelium with rapid caveolin dissociation and calmodulin association","volume":"273","author":"Rizzo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10344","article-title":"Mechanosensing role of caveolae and caveolar constituents in human endothelial cells","volume":"197","author":"Spisni","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-001-0195-x","article-title":"Shear stress induces caveolin-1 translocation in cultured endothelial cells","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15894","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.009589","article-title":"Membrane repair defects in muscular dystrophy are linked to altered interaction between MG53, caveolin-3, and dysferlin","volume":"284","author":"Cai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2003.00164.x","article-title":"Membrane traffic in skeletal muscle","volume":"5","author":"Towler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e03-03-0161","article-title":"Modulation of myoblast fusion by caveolin-3 in dystrophic skeletal muscle cells: Implications for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-1C","volume":"14","author":"Volonte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e09-02-0175","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase signaling regulates the expression of caveolin 3 and beta1 integrin, genes essential for normal myoblast fusion","volume":"20","author":"Quach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30315","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.42.30315","article-title":"Targeted down-regulation of caveolin-3 is sufficient to inhibit myotube formation in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts. Transient activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for induction of caveolin-3 expression and subsequent myotube formation","volume":"274","author":"Galbiati","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e10-10-0821","article-title":"PKCtheta signaling is required for myoblast fusion by regulating the expression of caveolin-3 and beta1D integrin upstream focal adhesion kinase","volume":"22","author":"Madaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00926","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00926","article-title":"Caveolae internalization repairs wounded cells and muscle fibers","volume":"2","author":"Corrotte","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01573","article-title":"Defective membrane repair in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy","volume":"423","author":"Bansal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6476","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M708776200","article-title":"Caveolin regulates endocytosis of the muscle repair protein, dysferlin","volume":"283","author":"Howes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1812","article-title":"MG53 nucleates assembly of cell membrane repair machinery","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20119","article-title":"Molecular and muscle pathology in a series of caveolinopathy patients","volume":"25","author":"Fulizio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000299892.81127.8e","article-title":"Molecular pathology and enzyme processing in various phenotypes of acid maltase deficiency","volume":"70","author":"Nascimbeni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4556","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-06-0480","article-title":"Conformational defects slow Golgi exit, block oligomerization, and reduce raft affinity of caveolin-1 mutant proteins","volume":"15","author":"Ren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-1-26","article-title":"T-tubule biogenesis and triad formation in skeletal muscle and implication in human diseases","volume":"1","author":"Laporte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.1.137","article-title":"Caveolin-3 associates with developing T-tubules during muscle differentiation","volume":"136","author":"Parton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086731","article-title":"Caveolin 3-dependent loss of t-tubular ICa during hypertrophy and heart failure in mice","volume":"103","author":"Bryant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21425","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100828200","article-title":"Caveolin-3 null mice show a loss of caveolae, changes in the microdomain distribution of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, and t-tubule abnormalities","volume":"276","author":"Galbiati","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64370-2","article-title":"Impairment of caveolae formation and T-system disorganization in human muscular dystrophy with caveolin-3 deficiency","volume":"160","author":"Minetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303448","article-title":"Dependence of cardiac transverse tubules on the BAR domain protein amphiphysin II (BIN-1)","volume":"115","author":"Caldwell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3543","article-title":"Cardiac BIN1 folds T-tubule membrane, controlling ion flux and limiting arrhythmia","volume":"20","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26962","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.41.26962","article-title":"Caveolin is an activator of insulin receptor signaling","volume":"273","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.14.1961","article-title":"Localization of the insulin receptor in caveolae of adipocyte plasma membrane","volume":"13","author":"Gustavsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20698","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.33.20698","article-title":"Association of phosphofructokinase-M with caveolin-3 in differentiated skeletal myotubes. Dynamic regulation by extracellular glucose and intracellular metabolites","volume":"272","author":"Scherer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, L., Chen, T., Deng, Y., Huang, Y., Huang, Y., Xian, J., Lu, W., Yang, L., and Huang, Q. (2017). Caveolin-3 promotes glycometabolism, growth and proliferation in muscle cells. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189004"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8635","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110970200","article-title":"Caveolin-1-deficient mice are lean, resistant to diet-induced obesity, and show hypertriglyceridemia with adipocyte abnormalities","volume":"277","author":"Razani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2009.00994.x","article-title":"Hydrophobic and basic domains target proteins to lipid droplets","volume":"10","author":"Kassan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1328","article-title":"Association of a homozygous nonsense caveolin-1 mutation with Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy","volume":"93","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H677","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01092.2005","article-title":"Caveolin-1 and regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis","volume":"291","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29427","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.46.29427","article-title":"A role for caveolin in transport of cholesterol from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane","volume":"271","author":"Smart","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.300760","article-title":"High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis regression: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies","volume":"114","author":"Feig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"458","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia as a possible independent risk factor for stroke","volume":"52","author":"Lisak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Croat."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu139","article-title":"High-density lipoproteins as modulators of endothelial cell functions: Alterations in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"103","author":"Kratzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.609693","article-title":"The importance of size: Successful recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior stroke depends on thrombus length","volume":"42","author":"Riedel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001326","article-title":"Cholesterol levels and risk of hemorrhagic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2009","article-title":"Membrane fatty acid transporters as regulators of lipid metabolism: Implications for metabolic disease","volume":"90","author":"Glatz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300424-JLR200","article-title":"Sarcolemmal FAT\/CD36 in human skeletal muscle colocalizes with caveolin-3 and is more abundant in type 1 than in type 2 fibers","volume":"45","author":"Vistisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talukder, M.A., Preda, M., Ryzhova, L., Prudovsky, I., and Pinz, I.M. (2016). Heterozygous caveolin-3 mice show increased susceptibility to palmitate-induced insulin resistance. Physiol. Rep., 4.","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12736"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.07.009","article-title":"Caveolin 3 deficiency myopathy associated with dyslipidemia: Treatment challenges and possible pathophysiological association","volume":"11","author":"Ibarretxe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"I80","article-title":"Mitochondrial structure and function in acute myocardial ischemic injury","volume":"38","author":"Jennings","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.42.1.1","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the cat myocardium. I. Ventricular papillary muscle","volume":"42","author":"Fawcett","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-215798","article-title":"Mitochondria-localized caveolin in adaptation to cellular stress and injury","volume":"26","author":"Fridolfsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-1102LTR","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota determine severity of myocardial infarction in rats","volume":"26","author":"McCafferty","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3823","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-252320","article-title":"Regulation of intracellular signaling and function by caveolin","volume":"28","author":"Fridolfsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27351","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27351","article-title":"Interplay between hepatic mitochondria-associated membranes, lipid metabolism and caveolin-1 in mice","volume":"6","author":"Bosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.04.013","article-title":"Where the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrion tie the knot: The mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM)","volume":"1833","author":"Raturi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.007","article-title":"Essential regulation of cell bioenergetics by constitutive InsP3 receptor Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria","volume":"142","author":"Cardenas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.2.C423","article-title":"Ca(2+) activation of heart mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: Role of the F(0)\/F(1)-ATPase","volume":"278","author":"Territo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12541","article-title":"Caveolin-3 deficiency associated with the dystrophy P104L mutation impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial form and function","volume":"11","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2017.06.016","article-title":"Functional interaction of the two-pore domain potassium channel TASK-1 and caveolin-3","volume":"1864","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00437.x","article-title":"TWIK-1, a ubiquitous human weakly inward rectifying K+ channel with a novel structure","volume":"15","author":"Lesage","year":"1996","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F793","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2000.279.5.F793","article-title":"Molecular and functional properties of two-pore-domain potassium channels","volume":"279","author":"Lesage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-010-0128-x","article-title":"Functional role of TASK-1 in the heart: Studies in TASK-1-deficient mice show prolonged cardiac repolarization and reduced heart rate variability","volume":"106","author":"Donner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.09.006","article-title":"The neuroprotective impact of the leak potassium channel TASK1 on stroke development in mice","volume":"33","author":"Meuth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"651","article-title":"Adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in the human heart","volume":"51","author":"Brodde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.7059","article-title":"Progressive hypertrophy and heart failure in beta1-adrenergic receptor transgenic mice","volume":"96","author":"Engelhardt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C495","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.2.C495","article-title":"Hypertrophic effect of selective \u03b21-adrenoceptor stimulation on ventricular cardiomyocytes from adult rat","volume":"279","author":"Schafer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1607","article-title":"Dual modulation of cell survival and cell death by \u03b22-adrenergic signaling in adult mouse cardiac myocytes","volume":"98","author":"Zhu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31036","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502540200","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptor signaling components localize in both sarcolemmal and intracellular caveolin-3-associated microdomains in adult cardiac myocytes","volume":"280","author":"Head","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34280","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201644200","article-title":"Caveolar localization dictates physiologic signaling of beta 2-adrenoceptors in neonatal cardiac myocytes","volume":"277","author":"Xiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.12.003","article-title":"Caveolin-3 regulates compartmentation of cardiomyocyte beta2-adrenergic receptor-mediated cAMP signaling","volume":"67","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-045031-5.00010-4","article-title":"Caveolinopathies: Translational implications of caveolin-3 in skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders","volume":"101","author":"Gazzerro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1222-9_10","article-title":"Caveolins and heart diseases","volume":"729","author":"Panneerselvam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2019.09603","article-title":"Caveolin as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiac and Vascular Diseases: A Mini Review","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H681","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00152.2004","article-title":"Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that regulates the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5","volume":"287","author":"Folco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2009.01.012","article-title":"Caveolae, ion channels and cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"98","author":"Balijepalli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.635268","article-title":"Mutant caveolin-3 induces persistent late sodium current and is associated with long-QT syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Vatta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.11.030","article-title":"Novel mechanism for sudden infant death syndrome: Persistent late sodium current secondary to mutations in caveolin-3","volume":"4","author":"Cronk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.209320","article-title":"Targeted deletion of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 attenuates hypertrophic response and promotes pressure overload-induced apoptosis in the heart","volume":"106","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05084.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms in evolutionary cardiology failure","volume":"1188","author":"Swynghedauw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000097320.35982.03","article-title":"A CAV3 microdeletion differentially affects skeletal muscle and myocardium","volume":"61","author":"Cagliani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2009.08.015","article-title":"Rippling muscle disease and cardiomyopathy associated with a mutation in the CAV3 gene","volume":"19","author":"Catteruccia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.101","article-title":"Identification and functional analysis of a caveolin-3 mutation associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"313","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700713","article-title":"Caveolin-3 T78M and T78K missense mutations lead to different phenotypes in vivo and in vitro","volume":"88","author":"Traverso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38988","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M205511200","article-title":"Caveolin-3 knock-out mice develop a progressive cardiomyopathy and show hyperactivation of the p42\/44 MAPK cascade","volume":"277","author":"Woodman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-017-0613-6","article-title":"Cavin-1 deficiency modifies myocardial and coronary function, stretch responses and ischaemic tolerance: Roles of NOS over-activity","volume":"112","author":"Kaakinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.788331","article-title":"Cardiac-specific overexpression of caveolin-3 induces endogenous cardiac protection by mimicking ischemic preconditioning","volume":"118","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000454","article-title":"Propofol Provides Cardiac Protection by Suppressing the Proteasome Degradation of Caveolin-3 in Ischemic\/Reperfused Rat Hearts","volume":"69","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140048","article-title":"The Dystrophin Complex: Structure, Function, and Implications for Therapy","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.134833","article-title":"The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex on the neuromuscular system","volume":"722","author":"Belhasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/12034","article-title":"Role for alpha-dystrobrevin in the pathogenesis of dystrophin-dependent muscular dystrophies","volume":"1","author":"Grady","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00104","article-title":"Arhgef5 Binds alpha-Dystrobrevin 1 and Regulates Neuromuscular Junction Integrity","volume":"13","author":"Bernadzki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09590-7","article-title":"Liprin-alpha-1 is a novel component of the murine neuromuscular junction and is involved in the organization of the postsynaptic machinery","volume":"7","author":"Bernadzki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.181180","article-title":"Alpha-Dystrobrevin-1 recruits Grb2 and alpha-catulin to organize neurotransmitter receptors at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"129","author":"Gingras","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21717","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.369496","article-title":"Interaction of alpha-catulin with dystrobrevin contributes to integrity of dystrophin complex in muscle","volume":"287","author":"Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13500","article-title":"The molecular cross talk of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex","volume":"1412","author":"Gawor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17220.x","article-title":"The cytoskeletal lattice of muscle cells","volume":"208","author":"Small","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2015","article-title":"Absence of Dystrophin Disrupts Skeletal Muscle Signaling: Roles of Ca2+, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide in the Development of Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"96","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddh087","article-title":"ZZ domain is essentially required for the physiological binding of dystrophin and utrophin to beta-dystroglycan","volume":"13","author":"Yoshida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.1999.057","article-title":"The WW domain of dystrophin requires EF-hands region to interact with beta-dystroglycan","volume":"380","author":"Rentschler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38048","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005321200","article-title":"Caveolin-3 directly interacts with the C-terminal tail of beta-dystroglycan. Identification of a central WW-like domain within caveolin family members","volume":"275","author":"Sotgia","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/mcbr.1999.0168","article-title":"WW and EF hand domains of dystrophin-family proteins mediate dystroglycan binding","volume":"2","author":"Chung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00398-S","article-title":"Dystrophin and utrophin: The missing links!","volume":"369","author":"Winder","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.09.010","article-title":"Description of a utrophin associated protein complex in lipid raft domains of human artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"1838","author":"Canto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201309066","article-title":"KIF13B enhances the endocytosis of LRP1 by recruiting LRP1 to caveolae","volume":"204","author":"Kanai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/355696a0","article-title":"Primary structure of dystrophin-associated glycoproteins linking dystrophin to the extracellular matrix","volume":"355","author":"Ervasti","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14585","DOI":"10.1021\/bi011247r","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-dystroglycan at its WW domain binding motif, PPxY, recruits SH2 domain containing proteins","volume":"40","author":"Sotgia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-009-8089-5","article-title":"The roles of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex at the synapse","volume":"41","author":"Pilgram","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5237.755","article-title":"Muscular dystrophies: Diseases of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex","volume":"270","author":"Worton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15160","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.25.15160","article-title":"Expression of caveolin-3 in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. Caveolin-3 is a component of the sarcolemma and co-fractionates with dystrophin and dystrophin-associated glycoproteins","volume":"271","author":"Song","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540305100901","article-title":"Concentration of caveolin-3 at the neuromuscular junction in young and old rat skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"51","author":"Carlson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e09-05-0381","article-title":"Caveolin-3 promotes nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering and regulates neuromuscular junction activity","volume":"21","author":"Hezel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.150.1.205","article-title":"Agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor clustering is mediated by the small guanosine triphosphatases Rac and Cdc42","volume":"150","author":"Weston","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.10.064","article-title":"Caveolin scaffolding region and cholesterol-rich domains in membranes","volume":"345","author":"Epand","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1021\/bi201356v","article-title":"Structural characterization of the caveolin scaffolding domain in association with cholesterol-rich membranes","volume":"51","author":"Hoop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M005132","article-title":"Partition profile of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in lipid domains upon reconstitution","volume":"51","author":"Bermudez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1042\/BC20110018","article-title":"Agrin triggers the clustering of raft-associated acetylcholine receptors through actin cytoskeleton reorganization","volume":"103","author":"Cartaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(98)00153-9","article-title":"Identifying the cholesterol binding domain in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with [125I]azido-cholesterol","volume":"1414","author":"Corbin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2807-05.2006","article-title":"Lipid rafts serve as a signaling platform for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.10.1875","article-title":"The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies-multiple genes, multiple mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Bushby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2018.05.007","article-title":"229th ENMC international workshop: Limb girdle muscular dystrophies\u2014Nomenclature and reformed classification Naarden, the Netherlands, 17\u201319 March 2017","volume":"28","author":"Straub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"2361","article-title":"Invasion activating caveolin-1 mutation in human scirrhous breast cancers","volume":"61","author":"Hayashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.hmg.a018926","article-title":"Dissociation of the dystroglycan complex in caveolin-3-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy","volume":"9","author":"Herrmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2011.12.001","article-title":"Rippling muscle disease and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy-like phenotype in a patient carrying a heterozygous CAV3 T78M mutation and a D4Z4 partial deletion: Further evidence for \u201cdouble trouble\u201d overlapping syndromes","volume":"22","author":"Ricci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2010.11.015","article-title":"Mosaic caveolin-3 expression in acquired rippling muscle disease without evidence of myasthenia gravis or acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies","volume":"21","author":"Lo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1150","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00166.2003","article-title":"Phenotypic behavior of caveolin-3 R26Q, a mutant associated with hyperCKemia, distal myopathy, and rippling muscle disease","volume":"285","author":"Sotgia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.1.65","article-title":"Familial isolated hyperCKaemia associated with a new mutation in the caveolin-3 (CAV-3) gene","volume":"73","author":"Merlini","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.6.1373","article-title":"Mutation in the CAV3 gene causes partial caveolin-3 deficiency and hyperCKemia","volume":"54","author":"Carbone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.06.008","article-title":"CAV3 mutation in a patient with transient hyperCKemia and myalgia","volume":"50","author":"Macias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurochir. Pol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105687","article-title":"A novel missense mutation in CAV3 gene in an Italian family with persistent hyperCKemia, myalgia and hypercholesterolemia: Double-trouble","volume":"191","author":"Bruno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.323","article-title":"Mutation in the caveolin-3 gene causes a peculiar form of distal myopathy","volume":"58","author":"Tateyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12297","article-title":"Mutation in the caveolin-3 gene causes asymmetrical distal myopathy","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"ref_189","first-page":"167","article-title":"Freeze-fracture studies of muscle caveolae in human muscular dystrophy","volume":"104","author":"Bonilla","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00738-8","article-title":"Increased caveolin-3 levels in mdx mouse muscles","volume":"431","author":"Vaghy","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001008","article-title":"Muscular dystrophy begins early in embryonic development deriving from stem cell loss and disrupted skeletal muscle formation","volume":"2","author":"Merrick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9689","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.160249097","article-title":"Transgenic overexpression of caveolin-3 in skeletal muscle fibers induces a Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy phenotype","volume":"97","author":"Galbiati","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2662404","article-title":"The molecular basis of muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse: A point mutation","volume":"244","author":"Sicinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.20.3047","article-title":"Caveolin-3 deficiency causes muscle degeneration in mice","volume":"9","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"1424","article-title":"The fine structure of blood capillaries","volume":"24","author":"Palade","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.10.010","article-title":"Caveolae: One Function or Many?","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/22\/8736\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:34:18Z","timestamp":1760178858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/22\/8736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":196,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21228736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21228736","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]}}}