{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:39:33Z","timestamp":1762299573990,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016R1A6A1A03011325","NRF 2015M3A9E1028327","NRF 2015M3A9E1028327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1A6A1A03011325","NRF 2015M3A9E1028327","NRF 2015M3A9E1028327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disease characterized by recurrent binge episodes, intervals of abstinence, and relapses to MA use. Therefore, identification of the key genes and pathways involved is important for improving the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to find the key genes and examine the comparability of gene expression between whisker follicles and the striatum of rats following MA self-administration. A total of 253 and 87 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in whisker follicles and the striatum, respectively. Multivariate and network analyses were performed on these DEGs to find hub genes and key pathways within the constructed network. A total of 129 and 49 genes were finally selected from the DEG sets of whisker follicles and of the striatum. Statistically significant DEGs were found to belong to the classes of genes involved in nicotine addiction, cocaine addiction, and amphetamine addiction in the striatum as well as in Parkinson\u2019s, Huntington\u2019s, and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases in whisker follicles. Of note, several genes and pathways including retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and the synaptic vesicle cycle pathway were common between the two tissues. Therefore, this study provides the first data on gene expression levels in whisker follicles and in the striatum in relation to MA reward and thereby may accelerate the research on the whisker follicle as an alternative source of biomarkers for the diagnosis of MA use disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T08:18:23Z","timestamp":1606119503000},"page":"8856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transcriptional Profiling of Whisker Follicles and of the Striatum in Methamphetamine Self-Administered Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6598-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Jun","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taekwon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0812-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hoon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In Soo","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Abuse Pharmacology Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sooyeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4709-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul-Ho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). 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