{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:24:17Z","timestamp":1788557057040,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["216340\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["216340\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK-PCRF2016A-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK-PCRF2016A-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000304","name":"Parkinson's UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F1301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F1301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Center","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Institute Foundation","award":["na"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["na"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of nervous system conditions characterised pathologically by the abnormal deposition of protein throughout the brain and spinal cord. One common pathophysiological change seen in all neurodegenerative disease is a change to the metabolic function of nervous system and peripheral cells. Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate or lactate which results in the generation of ATP and has been shown to be abnormal in peripheral cells in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Changes to the glycolytic pathway are seen early in neurodegenerative disease and highlight how in multiple neurodegenerative conditions pathology is not always confined to the nervous system. In this paper, we review the abnormalities described in glycolysis in the three most common neurodegenerative diseases. We show that in all three diseases glycolytic changes are seen in fibroblasts, and red blood cells, and that liver, kidney, muscle and white blood cells have abnormal glycolysis in certain diseases. We highlight there is potential for peripheral glycolysis to be developed into multiple types of disease biomarker, but large-scale bio sampling and deciphering how glycolysis is inherently altered in neurodegenerative disease in multiple patients\u2019 needs to be accomplished first to meet this aim.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T20:50:22Z","timestamp":1606251022000},"page":"8924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Peripheral Glycolysis in Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2781-6478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4418-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott P.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Mortiboys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators (2019). 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