{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:11:55Z","timestamp":1790500315657,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are important regulators of vertebrate physiology. Insects such as honeybees do not synthesize these neuroactive substances. Instead, they use the phenolamines tyramine and octopamine for similar physiological functions. These biogenic amines activate specific members of the large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Based on molecular and pharmacological data, insect octopamine receptors were classified as either \u03b1- or \u03b2-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors. Currently, one \u03b1- and four \u03b2-receptors have been molecularly and pharmacologically characterized in the honeybee. Recently, an \u03b12-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor was identified in Drosophila melanogaster (DmOct\u03b12R). This receptor is activated by octopamine and other biogenic amines and causes a decrease in intracellular cAMP ([cAMP]i). Here, we show that the orthologous receptor of the honeybee (AmOct\u03b12R), phylogenetically groups in a clade closely related to human \u03b12-adrenergic receptors. When heterologously expressed in an eukaryotic cell line, AmOct\u03b12R causes a decrease in [cAMP]i. The receptor displays a pronounced preference for octopamine over tyramine. In contrast to DmOct\u03b12R, the honeybee receptor is not activated by serotonin. Its activity can be blocked efficiently by 5-carboxamidotryptamine and phentolamine. The functional characterization of AmOct\u03b12R now adds a sixth member to this subfamily of monoaminergic receptors in the honeybee and is an important step towards understanding the actions of octopamine in honeybee behavior and physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1607419024000},"page":"9334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["AmOct\u03b12R: Functional Characterization of a Honeybee Octopamine Receptor Inhibiting Adenylyl Cyclase Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Blenau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana Alessandra","family":"Wilms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Center J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Balfanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Center J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9456-7275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnd","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI-1, Research Center J\u00fclich, 52428 J\u00fclich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Aminergic signal transduction in invertebrates: Focus on tyramine and octopamine receptors","volume":"6","author":"Blenau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Recent Res. Dev. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Farooqui, A. (2016). Octopaminergic and tyraminergic signaling in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain: Behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular aspects. Trace Amines and Neurological Disorders, Academic Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.05.021","article-title":"Tyramine: From octopamine precursor to neuroactive chemical in insects","volume":"162","author":"Lange","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2010.05.018","article-title":"The role of octopamine in locusts and other arthropods","volume":"56","author":"Verlinden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417010-0.00002-1","article-title":"Molecular signalling, pharmacology, and physiology of octopamine and tyramine receptors as potential insect pest control targets","volume":"46","author":"Ohta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb194282","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.194282","article-title":"The control of metabolic traits by octopamine and tyramine in invertebrates","volume":"223","author":"Roeder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/366059a0","article-title":"An identified neuron mediates the unconditioned stimulus in associative olfactory learning in honeybees","volume":"366","author":"Hammer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5370","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-12-05370.2003","article-title":"Modulation of early olfactory processing by an octopaminergic reinforcement pathway in the honeybee","volume":"23","author":"Farooqui","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.09.021","article-title":"Associative learning: The instructive function of biogenic amines","volume":"16","author":"Giurfa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vergoz, V., Roussel, E., Sandoz, J.C., and Giurfa, M. (2007). Aversive learning in honeybees revealed by the olfactory conditioning of the sting extension reflex. PLoS ONE, 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000288"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0350-6","article-title":"Characterization of the 5-HT1A receptor of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) and involvement of serotonin in phototactic behavior","volume":"67","author":"Thamm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.05.014","article-title":"Aminergic neuromodulation of associative visual learning in harnessed honey bees","volume":"155","author":"Mancini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590000177","article-title":"Octopamine influences division of labor in honey bee colonies","volume":"187","author":"Schulz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. A"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02296","article-title":"Division of labor in the honey bee (Apis mellifera): The role of tyramine \u03b2-hydroxylase","volume":"209","author":"Lehman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2174\/157015906778520791","article-title":"Aminergic control and modulation of honeybee behaviour","volume":"4","author":"Scheiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.3.588","article-title":"Habituation of an appetitive reflex in the honeybee","volume":"67","author":"Braun","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00205-X","article-title":"Behavioural pharmacology of octopamine, tyramine and dopamine in honey bees","volume":"136","author":"Scheiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1925","article-title":"Octopamine and tyramine modulate the thermoregulatory fanning response in honey bees (Apis mellifera)","volume":"220","author":"Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2006.07.008","article-title":"Octopamine and tyramine influence the behavioral profile of locomotor activity in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)","volume":"52","author":"Fussnecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00116","article-title":"Differences in the phototaxis of pollen and nectar foraging honey bees are related to their octopamine brain titers","volume":"5","author":"Scheiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00569-7","article-title":"A tyramine receptor gene mutation causes a defective olfactory behavior in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"245","author":"Kutsukake","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10298","article-title":"Tyramine and octopamine have opposite effects on the locomotion of Drosophila larvae","volume":"58","author":"Saraswati","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00431.2013","article-title":"Action of octopamine and tyramine on muscles of Drosophila melanogaster larvae","volume":"110","author":"Ormerod","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3764","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23152","article-title":"The role of octopamine and tyramine in Drosophila larval locomotion","volume":"520","author":"Selcho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2017.00100","article-title":"Octopamine and tyramine contribute separately to the counter-regulatory response to sugar deficit in Drosophila","volume":"11","author":"Damrau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813554116","article-title":"Tyramine action on motoneuron excitability and adaptable tyramine\/octopamine ratios adjust Drosophila locomotion to nutritional state","volume":"116","author":"Girwert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0740900.x","article-title":"Amtyr1: Characterization of a gene from honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain encoding a functional tyramine receptor","volume":"74","author":"Blenau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20420","article-title":"Developmental expression of a tyramine receptor gene in the brain of the honey bee, Apis mellifera","volume":"483","author":"Mustard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beggs, K.T., Tyndall, J.D.A., and Mercer, A.R. (2011). Honey bee dopamine and octopamine receptors linked to intracellular calcium signaling have a close phylogenetic and pharmacological relationship. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026809"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2016.12.004","article-title":"AmTAR2: Functional characterization of a honeybee tyramine receptor stimulating adenylyl cyclase activity","volume":"80","author":"Reim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01876.x","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of an octopamine receptor from honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain","volume":"86","author":"Grohmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12619","article-title":"Molecular, pharmacological, and signaling properties of octopamine receptors from honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain","volume":"129","author":"Balfanz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12526","article-title":"Two splicing variants of a novel family of octopamine receptors with different signaling properties","volume":"129","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2017.09.010","article-title":"A new Drosophila octopamine receptor responds to serotonin","volume":"90","author":"Qi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.07.005","article-title":"A review of neurohormone GPCRs present in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and the honey bee Apis mellifera","volume":"80","author":"Hauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0","article-title":"A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein","volume":"157","author":"Kyte","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315","article-title":"Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: Application to complete genomes","volume":"305","author":"Krogh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.053","article-title":"The phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kelley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00902","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptors at a glance","volume":"116","author":"Kroeze","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-9471(05)80049-7","article-title":"Integrated methods for the construction of three-dimensional models and computational probing of structure-function relations in G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"25","author":"Ballesteros","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8959","DOI":"10.1021\/bi047316u","article-title":"Comparison of class a and dg protein-coupled receptors: Common features in structure and activation","volume":"44","author":"Eilers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauknecht, P., and J\u00e9kely, G. (2017). Ancient coexistence of norepinephrine, tyramine, and octopamine signaling in bilaterians. BMC Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-016-0341-7"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(03)00091-3","article-title":"Analysis of two D1-like dopamine receptors from the honey bee Apis mellifera reveals agonist-independent activity","volume":"113","author":"Mustard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15010629","article-title":"Characterization of an invertebrate-type dopamine receptor of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana","volume":"15","author":"Troppmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-12-03925.1996","article-title":"Cloning and functional characterization of a novel dopamine receptor from Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.05.066","article-title":"Molecular characterization and localization of the first tyramine receptor of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)","volume":"162","author":"Rotte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03666.x","article-title":"Molecular identification and functional characterization of an adenylyl cyclase from the honeybee","volume":"96","author":"Wachten","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35359","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35359","article-title":"Octopamine controls starvation resistance, life span and metabolic traits in Drosophila","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.065","article-title":"Octopamine drives endurance exercise adaptations in Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"Sujkowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2019.09.002","article-title":"Linking physiological processes and feeding behaviors by octopamine","volume":"36","author":"Selcho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0962-1075.2004.00511.x","article-title":"Amino acid residues involved in interaction with tyramine in the Bombyx mori tyramine receptor","volume":"13","author":"Ohta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385952-5.00011-7","article-title":"The use of GPCR structures in drug design","volume":"62","author":"Congreve","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.1992.11.1","article-title":"Sequence alignment of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily","volume":"11","author":"Probst","year":"1992","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.10.021","article-title":"G protein coupled receptor structure and activation","volume":"1768","author":"Kobilka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-018-0009-5","article-title":"Current understanding of the structure and function of family B GPCRs to design novel drugs","volume":"17","author":"Karageorgos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.7.1723","article-title":"Molecular tinkering of G protein-coupled receptors: An evolutionary success","volume":"18","author":"Bockaert","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8702","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221833110","article-title":"Global view of the evolution and diversity of metazoan neuropeptide signaling","volume":"110","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb151092","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.151092","article-title":"Evolution of neuropeptide signalling systems","volume":"221","author":"Elphick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03034.x","article-title":"A family of octopamine receptors that specifically induce cyclic AMP production or Ca2+ release in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"93","author":"Balfanz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3650","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03650.1998","article-title":"A novel octopamine receptor with preferential expression in Drosophila mushroom bodies","volume":"18","author":"Han","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-180703","article-title":"A single amino acid residue controls Ca2+ signaling by an octopamine receptor from Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"25","author":"Hoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"7564","article-title":"Palmitoylation of the human \u03b22-adrenergic receptor. Mutation of Cys341 in the carboxyl tail leads to an uncoupled nonpalmitoylated form of the receptor","volume":"264","author":"Hnatowich","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00682-7","article-title":"Subtypes of functional \u03b11- and \u03b12-adrenoceptors","volume":"361","author":"Docherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900502","article-title":"Oral phentolamine: An alpha-1, alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist for the treatment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Goldstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Impot. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00617-7","article-title":"Effects of the non-selective 5-HT receptor agonist, 5-carboxamidotryptamine, on plasma glucose levels in rats","volume":"359","author":"Yamada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04012.x","article-title":"Am5-HT7: Molecular and pharmacological characterization of the first serotonin receptor of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)","volume":"98","author":"Schlenstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00638.x","article-title":"Inverse agonist and neutral antagonist actions of synthetic compounds at an insect 5-HT1 receptor","volume":"159","author":"Troppmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.940060307","article-title":"Pharmacology of [3H]mianserin binding in the nerve cord of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana","volume":"6","author":"Minhas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(90)94151-M","article-title":"High-affinity antagonists of the locust neuronal octopamine receptor","volume":"191","author":"Roeder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blenau, W., Balfanz, S., and Baumann, A. (2017). PeaTAR1B: Characterization of a second type 1 tyramine receptor of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112279"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10158-005-0001-z","article-title":"Insect octopamine receptors: A new classification scheme based on studies of cloned Drosophila G-protein coupled receptors","volume":"5","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invert. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07572.x","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a Drosophila tyramine receptor","volume":"9","author":"Saudou","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64062387.x","article-title":"Characterization of a cloned locust tyramine receptor cDNA by functional expression in permanently transformed Drosophila S2 cells","volume":"64","author":"Vulsteke","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2003.00404.x","article-title":"B96Bom encodes a Bombyx mori tyramine receptor negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase","volume":"12","author":"Ohta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480270105","article-title":"Octopamine mediates rapid stimulation of protein kinase A in the antennal lobe of honeybees","volume":"27","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb06631.x","article-title":"Aminergic receptors in Drosophila melanogaster: Responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to putative neurotransmitters","volume":"38","author":"Uzzan","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90644-6","article-title":"Interaction of formamidines with octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase receptor in the nerve cord of Periplaneta americana L.","volume":"32","author":"Gole","year":"1983","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1790(85)90097-6","article-title":"Characterisation of an octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in haemocyte membrane fragments of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana L.","volume":"15","author":"Orr","year":"1985","journal-title":"Insect Biochem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.1029","article-title":"Substituent-dependent, positive and negative modulation of Bombyx mori adenylate cyclase by synthetic octopamine\/tyramine analogues","volume":"47","author":"Aoyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/0965-1748(92)90036-E","article-title":"The Sf9 cell line as a model for studying insect octopamine-receptors","volume":"22","author":"Orr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(00)00125-9","article-title":"Phenolamine-dependent adenylyl cyclase activation in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells","volume":"31","author":"Torfs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00089-3","article-title":"Dual signalling by different octopamine receptors converges on adenylate cyclase in Sf9 cells","volume":"32","author":"Kukkonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f6ser, C., Jordan, N., Balfanz, S., Baumann, A., Walz, B., Baumann, O., and Blenau, W. (2012). Molecular and pharmacological characterization of serotonin 5-HT2\u03b1 and 5-HT7 receptors in the salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049459"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.2.857","article-title":"Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs","volume":"12","author":"Kozak","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","article-title":"MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Bio. Evol."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)81226-E","article-title":"Primary structure of cAMP-gated channel from bovine olfactory epithelium","volume":"270","author":"Ludwig","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"2745","article-title":"High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/24\/9334\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:42:13Z","timestamp":1760179333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/24\/9334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21249334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21249334","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]}}}