{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:53:09Z","timestamp":1777672389267,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis, a zoonotic world-wide disease. The live attenuated B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine strain is widely used for the control of brucellosis in the small ruminant population. However, Rev.1 induces antibodies against the O-polysaccharide (O-PS) of the smooth lipopolysaccharide thus, it is difficult to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals. Hence, rough Brucella strains lacking the O-PS have been introduced. In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of the genome sequence of two natural Rev.1 rough strains, isolated from sheep, against that of 24 Rev.1 smooth strains and the virulent reference strain B. melitensis 16M. We identified and characterized eight vital mutations within highly important genes associated with Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and virulence, which may explain the mechanisms underlying the formation of the Rev.1 rough phenotype and may be used to determine the mechanism underlying virulence attenuation. Further complementation studies aimed to estimate the specific role of these mutations in affecting Brucella morphology and virulence will serve as a basis for the design of new attenuated vaccines for animal immunization against brucellosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1607419024000},"page":"9341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genomic Analysis of Natural Rough Brucella melitensis Rev.1 Vaccine Strains: Identification and Characterization of Mutations in Key Genes Associated with Bacterial LPS Biosynthesis and Virulence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6848-2323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kornspan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Lubkovskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel"},{"name":"Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shubham","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adva","family":"Yeheskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7272-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mali","family":"Salmon-Divon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"},{"name":"Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00334.x","article-title":"Internal affairs: Investigating the Brucella intracellular lifestyle","volume":"36","author":"Gorvel","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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