{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:21:42Z","timestamp":1789154502562,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/07\/N\/NZ5\/02052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/07\/N\/NZ5\/02052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS2016\/23\/B\/NZ6\/02542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS2016\/23\/B\/NZ6\/02542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS2016\/23\/B\/NZ1\/03211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS2016\/23\/B\/NZ1\/03211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/26\/E\/NZ3\/00434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/26\/E\/NZ3\/00434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017244","name":"Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1\/8912(412)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/8912(412)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoxia, a common factor ruling the microenvironment composition, leads to tumor progression. In this hypoxic context, cytokines and cells cooperate to favor cancer development and metastasis. Tumor hypoxia is heterogeneously distributed. Oxygen gradients depend on the vicinity, functionality of blood vessels, and oxygen ability to diffuse into surrounding tissues. Thus, the vasculature state modulates the microenvironment of the tumor cells. Cells sense and react to small variations in oxygen tension, which explains the lack of tumor cells\u2019 unicity in their reaction to drugs. Ovarian cancers are highly hypoxia-dependent, ascites worsening the access to oxygen, in their reactions to both chemotherapy and new immunotherapy. Consequently, hypoxia affects the results of immunotherapy, and is thus, crucial for the design of treatments. Controlling key immunosuppressive factors and receptors, as well as immune checkpoint molecule expression on tumor, immune and stromal cells, hypoxia induces immunosuppression. Consequently, new approaches to alleviate hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment bring promises for ovarian cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review focuses on the effects of hypoxia in the microenvironment and its consequences on tumor treatments. This opens the way to innovative combined treatments to the advantage of immunotherapy outcome in ovarian cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T21:25:08Z","timestamp":1607981108000},"page":"9492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Hypoxia-Mediated Decrease of Ovarian Cancer Cells Reaction to Treatment: Significance for Chemo- and Immunotherapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Klemba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8548-8778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubomir","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Immunooncology, Hospital Ministry of the Interior and Administration &amp; Warmia and Masuria Oncology Centre, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, University of Warmia and Masuria, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2743-0337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halina","family":"Was","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2374-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia K.","family":"Brodaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Wcislo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, European Health Centre, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cezary A.","family":"Szczylik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, European Health Centre, 05-400 Otwock, Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-029X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudine","family":"Kieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"Studies on leptin and leptin receptor gene expression in myometrium and uterine myomas of gnRH analogue-treated women","volume":"27","author":"Markowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. 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