{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:42:33Z","timestamp":1780983753187,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms, accompanied by massive neuronal degeneration in the striatum. In this study, we utilized solid lipid curcumin particles (SLCPs) and solid lipid particles (SLPs) to test their efficacy in reducing deficits in YAC128 HD mice. Eleven-month-old YAC128 male and female mice were treated orally with SLCPs (100 mg\/kg) or equivalent volumes of SLPs or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) every other day for eight weeks. Learning and memory performance was assessed using an active-avoidance task on week eight. The mice were euthanized, and their brains were processed using Golgi-Cox staining to study the morphology of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and Western blots to quantify amounts of DARPP-32, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, synaptophysin, and PSD-95. We found that both SLCPs and SLPs improved learning and memory in HD mice, as measured by the active avoidance task. We also found that SLCP and SLP treatments preserved MSNs arborization and spinal density and modulated synaptic proteins. Our study shows that SLCPs, as well as the lipid particles, can have therapeutic effects in old YAC128 HD mice in terms of recovering from HD brain pathology and cognitive deficits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T09:12:57Z","timestamp":1608023577000},"page":"9542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Solid Lipid Curcumin Particles Protect Medium Spiny Neuronal Morphology, and Reduce Learning and Memory Deficits in the YAC128 Mouse Model of Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer","family":"Gharaibeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Insight Research Center, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery &amp; Neuroscience, Flint, MI 48507, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3213-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panchanan","family":"Maiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute, Ascension St. Mary\u2019s, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA"},{"name":"College of Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, Saginaw, MI 48710, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiela","family":"Heileman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8763-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhairavi","family":"Srinageshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0902-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren","family":"Story","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Spelde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leela","family":"Paladugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Muhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9010-9998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nivya","family":"Kolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8662-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Rossignol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA"},{"name":"Field Neurosciences Institute, Ascension St. Mary\u2019s, Saginaw, MI 48604, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2009","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutical targets in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"90","author":"Zuccato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. 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