{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:10:35Z","timestamp":1776132635236,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0025\/0019; PT17\/0015\/0042; PI19\/01638; CIBER-BBN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0025\/0019; PT17\/0015\/0042; PI19\/01638; CIBER-BBN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PENTA FOUNDATION","award":["EPIICAL Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPIICAL Project"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014365","name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COV20\/MAM-BIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COV20\/MAM-BIS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005643","name":"Uniwersytet \u0141\u00f3dzki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NAWA International Academic Partnership Programme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NAWA International Academic Partnership Programme"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COST Action CA 17140 \"Cancer Nanomedicine from the Bench to the Bedside\""],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COST Action CA 17140 \"Cancer Nanomedicine from the Bench to the Bedside\""]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular and animal models have proved to be a basic resource for this research, with the more recent addition of organoids as a more realistic and physiological 3D culture for the study of ZIKV. Nanotechnology can also offer a promising therapeutic tool, as the nanoparticles developed by this field can penetrate cells and deliver a wide array of drugs in a very specific and controlled way inside the cells. These two state-of-the-art scientific tools clearly provide a very relevant resource for the study of ZIKV, and will help researchers find an effective treatment or vaccine against the virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T20:39:29Z","timestamp":1608669569000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Review on the Current Knowledge on ZIKV Infection and the Interest of Organoids and Nanotechnology on Development of Effective Therapies against Zika Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Samanta","family":"Gasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio InmunoBiolog\u00eda Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0813-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio InmunoBiolog\u00eda Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28001 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28001 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0134-9","article-title":"The evolution of Zika virus from Asia to the Americas","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2205.160065","article-title":"Phylogeny of Zika Virus in Western Hemisphere, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Lanciotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(52)90042-4","article-title":"Zika virus. I. Isolations and serological specificity","volume":"46","author":"Dick","year":"1952","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(54)90006-1","article-title":"Zika virus: A report on three cases of human infection during an epidemic of jaundice in Nigeria","volume":"48","author":"Macnamara","year":"1954","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettersson, J.H., Eldholm, V., Seligman, S.J., Lundkvist, A., Falconar, A.K., Gaunt, M.W., Musso, D., Nougair\u00e8de, A., Charrel, R., and Gould, E.A. (2016). How Did Zika Virus Emerge in the Pacific Islands and Latin America?. mBio, 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01239-16"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam7120","article-title":"A single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly","volume":"358","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S935","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix515","article-title":"Zika Virus Structure, Maturation, and Receptors","volume":"216","author":"Sirohi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-017-0010-8","article-title":"Structural biology of Zika virus and other flaviviruses","volume":"25","author":"Hasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0575-2","article-title":"Therapeutic Approaches for Zika Virus Infection of the Nervous System","volume":"14","author":"Abrams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190013","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0013","article-title":"Zika virus proteins at an atomic scale: How does structural biology help us to understand and develop vaccines and drugs against Zika virus infection?","volume":"25","author":"Valente","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2017.02.009","article-title":"Structural Biology of the Zika Virus","volume":"42","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.03.020","article-title":"Zika virus and autoimmunity: From microcephaly to Guillain-Barre syndrome, and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Lucchese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.01.004","article-title":"Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Tissue Tropism","volume":"21","author":"Miner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808246","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection\u2014After the Pandemic","volume":"381","author":"Musso","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1610613","article-title":"Fatal Zika Virus Infection with Secondary Nonsexual Transmission","volume":"375","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.04.017","article-title":"Zika Virus Disrupts Neural Progenitor Development and Leads to Microcephaly in Mice","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-018-0042-1","article-title":"Disruption of glial cell development by Zika virus contributes to severe microcephalic newborn mice","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.10.019","article-title":"American Strain of Zika Virus Causes More Severe Microcephaly Than an Old Asian Strain in Neonatal Mice","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13980-2","article-title":"Zika Virus Infects Intermediate Progenitor Cells and Post-mitotic Committed Neurons in Human Fetal Brain Tissues","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.045","article-title":"Axl Mediates ZIKA Virus Entry in Human Glial Cells and Modulates Innate Immune Responses","volume":"18","author":"Meertens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620558114","article-title":"AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses","volume":"114","author":"Richard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"22","article-title":"ZIKA virus entry mechanisms in human cells","volume":"69","author":"Agrelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol. J. Mol. Epidemiol. Evol. Genet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Routhu, N.K., Lehoux, S.D., Rouse, E.A., Bidokhti, M.R.M., Giron, L.B., Anzurez, A., Reid, S.T., Abdel-Mohsen, M., Cummings, R.D., and Byrareddy, S.N. (2019). Glycosylation of Zika Virus is Important in Host-Virus Interaction and Pathogenic Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.1101\/564542"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/v3020160","article-title":"Flavivirus cell entry and membrane fusion","volume":"3","author":"Smit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b01056","article-title":"Interaction of Zika Virus Envelope Protein with Glycosaminoglycans","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9243","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental protein Musashi-1 interacts with the Zika genome and promotes viral replication","volume":"357","author":"Chavali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00055-16","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00055-16","article-title":"The Antigenic Structure of Zika Virus and Its Relation to Other Flaviviruses: Implications for Infection and Immunoprophylaxis","volume":"81","author":"Heinz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6795","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304300110","article-title":"Dengue structure differs at the temperatures of its human and mosquito hosts","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00562-6","article-title":"Guillain-Barre Syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: A case-control study","volume":"387","author":"Blake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.02.005","article-title":"Prospects for a Zika Virus Vaccine","volume":"46","author":"Barouch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pattnaik, A., Sahoo, B.R., and Pattnaik, A.K. (2020). Current Status of Zika Virus Vaccines: Successes and Challenges. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020266"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33105-7","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two Zika virus DNA vaccine candidates in healthy adults: Randomised, open-label, phase 1 clinical trials","volume":"391","author":"Gaudinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.203","article-title":"Human T cell responses to Dengue and Zika virus infection compared to Dengue\/Zika coinfection","volume":"6","author":"Gandini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05519-4","article-title":"Critical role of CD4(+) T cells and IFNgamma signaling in antibody-mediated resistance to Zika virus infection","volume":"9","author":"Lucas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.10.016","article-title":"Cross-Reactive Flavivirus Antibody: Friend and Foe?","volume":"24","author":"Maciejewski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy482","article-title":"Dengue Virus and Zika Virus Serological Cross-reactivity and Their Impact on Pathogenesis in Mice","volume":"219","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb6143","article-title":"Zika virus infection enhances future risk of severe dengue disease","volume":"369","author":"Katzelnick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00758-19","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00758-19","article-title":"Zika Virus-Immune Plasmas from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Individuals Enhance Zika Pathogenesis in Adult and Pregnant Mice","volume":"10","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.05.014","article-title":"In-depth characterization of congenital Zika syndrome in immunocompetent mice: Antibody-dependent enhancement and an antiviral peptide therapy","volume":"44","author":"Camargos","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.04.004","article-title":"Rational Engineering and Characterization of an mAb that Neutralizes Zika Virus by Targeting a Mutationally Constrained Quaternary Epitope","volume":"23","author":"Tharakaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3849","article-title":"Human antibodies to the dengue virus E-dimer epitope have therapeutic activity against Zika virus infection","volume":"18","author":"Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8505","article-title":"Specificity, cross-reactivity, and function of antibodies elicited by Zika virus infection","volume":"353","author":"Stettler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18938","article-title":"Structural basis of potent Zika-dengue virus antibody cross-neutralization","volume":"536","author":"Dejnirattisai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02165","article-title":"Structure of the dengue virus envelope protein after membrane fusion","volume":"427","author":"Modis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goo, L., VanBlargan, L.A., Dowd, K.A., Diamond, M.S., and Pierson, T.C. (2017). A single mutation in the envelope protein modulates flavivirus antigenicity, stability, and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006178"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, S., Oliveira Silva Martins, D., and Jardim, A.C.G. (2018). A Review of the Ongoing Research on Zika Virus Treatment. Viruses, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050255"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.11.023","article-title":"The FDA-approved drug sofosbuvir inhibits Zika virus infection","volume":"137","author":"Govero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62121-2","article-title":"Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin in treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection (LONESTAR): An open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"383","author":"Lawitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"WHO (2016). Current Zika Product Pipeline, WHO."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001153","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo models for studying Zika virus biology","volume":"99","author":"Pena","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.99","article-title":"Differential cell line susceptibility to the emerging Zika virus: Implications for disease pathogenesis, non-vector-borne human transmission and animal reservoirs","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bierle, C.J., Fernandez-Alarcon, C., Hernandez-Alvarado, N., Zabeli, J.C., Janus, B.C., Putri, D.S., and Schleiss, M.R. (2017). Assessing Zika virus replication and the development of Zika-specific antibodies after a mid-gestation viral challenge in guinea pigs. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187720"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varjak, M., Donald, C.L., Mottram, T.J., Sreenu, V.B., Merits, A., Maringer, K., Schnettler, E., and Kohl, A. (2017). Characterization of the Zika virus induced small RNA response in Aedes aegypti cells. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006010"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00339-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00339-17","article-title":"Variable Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Different Wolbachia Strains in Mosquito Cell Cultures","volume":"91","author":"Schultz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Counotte, M.J., Kim, C.R., Wang, J., Bernstein, K., Deal, C.D., Broutet, N.J.N., and Low, N. (2018). Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review. PLoS Med., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002611"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000414","article-title":"Zika virus as a sexually transmitted pathogen","volume":"31","author":"Mead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suthar, M.S., Brassil, M.M., Blahnik, G., McMillan, A., Ramos, H.J., Proll, S.C., Belisle, S.E., Katze, M.G., and Gale, M. (2013). A systems biology approach reveals that tissue tropism to West Nile virus is regulated by antiviral genes and innate immune cellular processes. PLoS Pathog., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003168"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3210","article-title":"Interferon-inducible effector mechanisms in cell-autonomous immunity","volume":"12","author":"MacMicking","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12561","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06743-11","article-title":"Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) receptor restricts systemic dengue virus replication and prevents paralysis in IFN-alpha\/beta receptor-deficient mice","volume":"86","author":"Prestwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.03.010","article-title":"A Mouse Model of Zika Virus Pathogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Lazear","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.008","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection during Pregnancy in Mice Causes Placental Damage and Fetal Demise","volume":"165","author":"Miner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi, S., Balasubramaniam, V.R., Brown, J.A., Mena, I., Grant, A., Bardina, S.V., Maringer, K., Schwarz, M.C., Maestre, A.M., and Sourisseau, M. (2017). novel Zika virus mouse model reveals strain specific differences in virus pathogenesis and host inflammatory immune responses. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006258"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowall, S.D., Graham, V.A., Rayner, E., Atkinson, B., Hall, G., Watson, R.J., Bosworth, A., Bonney, L.C., Kitchen, S., and Hewson, R. (2016). A Susceptible Mouse Model for Zika Virus Infection. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1101\/042358"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0111","article-title":"Characterization of a Novel Murine Model to Study Zika Virus","volume":"94","author":"Rossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-017-0060-z","article-title":"Antiviral CD8 T cells induce Zika-virus-associated paralysis in mice","volume":"3","author":"Jurado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliota, M.T., Caine, E.A., Walker, E.C., Larkin, K.E., Camacho, E., and Osorio, J.E. (2016). Characterization of Lethal Zika Virus Infection in AG129 Mice. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004750"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154864","article-title":"Lineage-dependent differences of Zika virus infection in a susceptible mouse model are associated with different profiles of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and acute phase proteins","volume":"125","author":"Dowall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.11.017","article-title":"Zika Virus Infection in Dexamethasone-immunosuppressed Mice Demonstrating Disseminated Infection with Multi-organ Involvement Including Orchitis Effectively Treated by Recombinant Type I Interferons","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.009","article-title":"Zika Virus Causes Testis Damage and Leads to Male Infertility in Mice","volume":"168","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1602899","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602899","article-title":"Zika virus causes testicular atrophy","volume":"3","author":"Uraki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20556","article-title":"Zika virus infection damages the testes in mice","volume":"540","author":"Govero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.004","article-title":"Vaginal Exposure to Zika Virus during Pregnancy Leads to Fetal Brain Infection","volume":"166","author":"Yockey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18296","article-title":"The Brazilian Zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models","volume":"534","author":"Cugola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015740","article-title":"Update on the Animal Models and Underlying Mechanisms for ZIKV-Induced Microcephaly","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0750-4","article-title":"A guinea pig model of Zika virus infection","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.04.013","article-title":"Zika virus infection of adult and fetal STAT2 knock-out hamsters","volume":"507","author":"Siddharthan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0231","article-title":"Zika Virus Induced Mortality and Microcephaly in Chicken Embryos","volume":"25","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12204","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12204","article-title":"A rhesus macaque model of Asian-lineage Zika virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Dudley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4206","article-title":"Zika viral dynamics and shedding in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques","volume":"22","author":"Osuna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch, A.J., Smith, J.L., Haese, N.N., Broeckel, R.M., Parkins, C.J., Kreklywich, C., DeFilippis, V.R., Denton, M., Smith, P.P., and Messer, W.B. (2017). Zika Virus infection of rhesus macaques leads to viral persistence in multiple tissues. PLoS Pathog., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006219"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coffey, L.L., Pesavento, P.A., Keesler, R.I., Singapuri, A., Watanabe, J., Watanabe, R., Yee, J., Bliss-Moreau, E., Cruzen, C., and Christe, K.L. (2017). Zika Virus Tissue and Blood Compartmentalization in Acute Infection of Rhesus Macaques. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171148"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2308.170036","article-title":"High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus","volume":"23","author":"Haddow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.019","article-title":"Fetal Neuropathology in Zika Virus-Infected Pregnant Female Rhesus Monkeys","volume":"173","author":"Martinot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C151","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00120.2020","article-title":"A brief history of organoids","volume":"319","author":"Corro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-018-0122-9","article-title":"Organoid technology in disease modelling, drug development, personalized treatment and regeneration medicine","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.082","article-title":"Modeling Development and Disease with Organoids","volume":"165","author":"Clevers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.2\/jladewig","article-title":"Drug discovery in psychopharmacology: From 2D models to cerebral organoids","volume":"21","author":"Rossetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.032","article-title":"Brain-Region-Specific Organoids Using Mini-bioreactors for Modeling ZIKV Exposure","volume":"165","author":"Qian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6116","article-title":"Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids","volume":"352","author":"Garcez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.09.047","article-title":"Self-Organized Cerebral Organoids with Human-Specific Features Predict Effective Drugs to Combat Zika Virus Infection","volume":"21","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.04.014","article-title":"Zika Virus Depletes Neural Progenitors in Human Cerebral Organoids through Activation of the Innate Immune Receptor TLR3","volume":"19","author":"Dang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13978","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2140-08.2008","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3 is a negative regulator of embryonic neural progenitor cell proliferation","volume":"28","author":"Lathia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaddanapudi, K., De Miranda, J., Hornig, M., and Lipkin, W.I. (2011). Toll-like receptor 3 regulates neural stem cell proliferation by modulating the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026766"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00219-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00219-17","article-title":"Zika Virus Alters DNA Methylation of Neural Genes in an Organoid Model of the Developing Human Brain","volume":"3","author":"Janssens","year":"2018","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.07.014","article-title":"Zika-Virus-Encoded NS2A Disrupts Mammalian Cortical Neurogenesis by Degrading Adherens Junction Proteins","volume":"21","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.06.017","article-title":"High-Content Screening in hPSC-Neural Progenitors Identifies Drug Candidates that Inhibit Zika Virus Infection in Fetal-like Organoids and Adult Brain","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00354-15","article-title":"Biology of Zika Virus Infection in Human Skin Cells","volume":"89","author":"Hamel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0959-9673.2005.00445.x","article-title":"Dengue virus inoculation to human skin explants: An effective approach to assess in situ the early infection and the effects on cutaneous dendritic cells","volume":"86","author":"Vaughan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.10.018","article-title":"Interplay between Keratinocytes and Myeloid Cells Drives Dengue Virus Spread in Human Skin","volume":"138","author":"Duangkhae","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayda, S., Adeel, M., Tuccinardi, T., Cordani, M., and Rizzolio, F. (2019). The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010112"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00102","article-title":"Recent Developments in Nanotechnology for Detection and Control of Aedes aegypti-Borne Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Campos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.61.08.0002","article-title":"Dendrimers as therapeutic agents: A systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Gajbhiye","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59388-3","article-title":"Sensitive Detection of Dengue Virus Type 2 E-Proteins Signals Using Self-Assembled Monolayers\/Reduced Graphene Oxide-PAMAM Dendrimer Thin Film-SPR Optical Sensor","volume":"10","author":"Omar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11841","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR01646A","article-title":"Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper microchips","volume":"10","author":"Draz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00193-w","article-title":"An RNA nanoparticle vaccine against Zika virus elicits antibody and CD8+ T cell responses in a mouse model","volume":"7","author":"Chahal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/1\/35\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:48:29Z","timestamp":1760179709000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/1\/35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22010035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22010035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]}}}