{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:39:09Z","timestamp":1790404749353,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DGOS \/ INCa","award":["PRT-K grant 2017-1-RT-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT-K grant 2017-1-RT-04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-18-RHUS-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-RHUS-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>B-cell non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL) risk associations had been mainly attributed to family history of the disease, inflammation, and immune components including human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic variations. Nevertheless, a broad range of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shed light into the identification of several genetic variants presumptively associated with B-cell NHL etiologies, survival or shared genetic risk with other diseases. The present review aims to overview HLA structure and diversity and summarize the evidence of genetic variations, by GWAS, on five NHL subtypes (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DLBCL, follicular lymphoma FL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL, marginal zone lymphoma MZL, and primary central nervous system lymphoma PCNSL). Evidence indicates that the HLA zygosity status in B-cell NHL might promote immune escape and that genome-wide significance variants can give biological insight but also potential therapeutic markers such as WEE1 in DLBCL. However, additional studies are needed, especially for non-DLBCL, to replicate the associations found to date.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T22:56:45Z","timestamp":1608850605000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Tracking the Genetic Susceptibility Background of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphomas from Genome-Wide Association Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Isaias","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Verdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Labreche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Benazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U 1127, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), iGenSeq Platform, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Mokhtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raymond Escourolle Department of Neuropathology, Public Assistance\u2013Hospitals of Paris, Hospital Group of Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kh\u00ea","family":"Hoang-Xuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U 1127, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"R\u00e9seau Expert National LOC (Lymphomes Oculo-C\u00e9r\u00e9braux), Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agusti","family":"Alentorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U 1127, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Center for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (APHP), Department of Neurology-2, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"k3204","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"362","author":"Ajithkumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e322","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00076-5","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: Guidelines from the European Association for Neuro-Oncology","volume":"16","author":"Bessell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860500531682","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma\u2014A review","volume":"45","author":"Smedby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1037_19","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: A review","volume":"9","author":"Parihar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","article-title":"The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms","volume":"127","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2116","article-title":"Genome-Wide Analysis Uncovers Novel Recurrent Alterations in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas","volume":"21","author":"Braggio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12911","article-title":"The role ofHLAvariation in lymphoma aetiology and survival","volume":"286","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27773","article-title":"Survival of patients with marginal zone lymphoma","volume":"119","author":"Olszewski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu013","article-title":"Etiologic Heterogeneity Among Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project","volume":"2014","author":"Morton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01539","article-title":"Genetically Determined Height and Risk of Non-hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22242","article-title":"Genetic overlap between autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes","volume":"43","author":"Din","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12684","article-title":"The aetiology of B-cell lymphoid malignancies with a focus on chronic inflammation and infections","volume":"282","author":"Smedby","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6400","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0915054107","article-title":"HLA-A alleles and infectious mononucleosis suggest a critical role for cytotoxic T-cell response in EBV-related Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"107","author":"Hjalgrim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0261-x","article-title":"A scientometric review of genome-wide association studies","volume":"2","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-019-0205-3","article-title":"Statistical power in genome-wide association studies and quantitative trait locus mapping","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01417","article-title":"Precision Medicine in Lymphoma by Innovative Instrumental Platforms","volume":"9","author":"Arrigoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Jong, M.R.W., Visser, L., Huls, G., Diepstra, A., Van Vugt, M., Ammatuna, E., Van Rijn, R.S., Vellenga, E., Berg, A.V.D., and Fehrmann, R.S.N. (2018). Identification of relevant drugable targets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using a genome-wide unbiased CD20 guilt-by association approach. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193098"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-0803","article-title":"Lipid Trait Variants and the Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study","volume":"29","author":"Kleinstern","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000187","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2016-000187","article-title":"Lupus-related single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"4","author":"Bernatsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091212-153455","article-title":"Major Histocompatibility Complex Genomics and Human Disease","volume":"14","author":"Trowsdale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Amiel, J. (1967). Study of the Leukocyte Phenotypes in Hodgkin\u2019s Disease. Histocompatibility Testing, Munksgaard."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez-Mazas, A. (2020). A review of HLA allele and SNP associations with highly prevalent infectious diseases in human populations. Swiss Med. Wkly., 150.","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2020.20214"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.143","article-title":"HLA variation and disease","volume":"18","author":"Dendrou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deakin, J.E., Papenfuss, A.T., Belov, K., Cross, J.G.R., Coggill, P., Palmer, S., Sims, S., Speed, T.P., Beck, S., and Graves, J.A.M. (2006). Evolution and comparative analysis of the MHC Class III inflammatory region. BMC Genom., 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-7-281"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2016.01.020","article-title":"The IPD-IMGT\/HLA Database\u2013New developments in reporting HLA variation","volume":"77","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3279","article-title":"Why must T cells be cross-reactive?","volume":"12","author":"Sewell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12319","article-title":"A bird\u2019s eye view of NK cell receptor interactions with their MHC class I ligands","volume":"267","author":"Saunders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2573","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Study of Event-Free Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Immunochemotherapy","volume":"33","author":"Ghesquieres","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1732008100","article-title":"A gene expression-based method to diagnose clinically distinct subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"100","author":"Wright","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu010","article-title":"Medical History, Lifestyle, Family History, and Occupational Risk Factors for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project","volume":"2014","author":"Cerhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H.Y., Hong, Y.C., Lee, K., and Koh, J. (2019). Vitamin D status and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: An updated meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216284"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3105","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"46","author":"Cerhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12513","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a pooled study of three Eastern Asian populations","volume":"95","author":"Bassig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smedby, K.E., Foo, J.N., Skibola, C.F., Darabi, H., Conde, L., Hjalgrim, H., Kumar, V., Chang, E.T., Rothman, N., and Cerhan, J.R. (2011). GWAS of Follicular Lymphoma Reveals Allelic Heterogeneity at 6p21.32 and Suggests Shared Genetic Susceptibility with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. PLoS Genet., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001378"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4086","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-2900","article-title":"HLA Class I and II Diversity Contributes to the Etiologic Heterogeneity of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz228","article-title":"Inherited variants at 3q13.33 and 3p24.1 are associated with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and implicate immune pathways","volume":"29","author":"Kleinstern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14642-0","article-title":"Heterogeneity of response to immune checkpoint blockade in hypermutated experimental gliomas","volume":"11","author":"Aslan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(10)05007-8","article-title":"BCL6","volume":"105","author":"Basso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2011.35","article-title":"Common variants on 14q32 and 13q12 are associated with DLBCL susceptibility","volume":"56","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4001","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06354-3","article-title":"Genome-wide discovery of somatic regulatory variants in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Arthur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-686550","article-title":"Genetic basis of PD-L1 overexpression in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas","volume":"127","author":"Georgiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00078-7","article-title":"Class Switch Recombination and Hypermutation Require Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID), a Potential RNA Editing Enzyme","volume":"102","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16100","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2016.100","article-title":"Caspase-mediated proteolysis of the sorting nexin 2 disrupts retromer assembly and potentiates Met\/hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling","volume":"3","author":"Duclos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13515","article-title":"SNCA, a novel biomarker for Group 4 medulloblastomas, can inhibit tumor invasion and induce apoptosis","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9709-6","article-title":"Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS): A multirole signaling protein in cancers","volume":"36","author":"Fong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Jong, M.R.W., Langendonk, M., Reitsma, B., Herbers, P., Nijland, M., Huls, G., Berg, A.V.D., Ammatuna, E., Visser, L., and Van Meerten, T. (2019). WEE1 Inhibition Enhances Anti-Apoptotic Dependency as a Result of Premature Mitotic Entry and DNA Damage. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111743"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baecklund, F., Foo, J.N., Bracci, P.M., Darabi, H., Karlsson, R., Hjalgrim, H., Rosenquist, R., Adami, H.-O., Glimelius, U.I.B., and Melbye, M. (2014). A comprehensive evaluation of the role of genetic variation in follicular lymphoma survival. BMC Med. Genet., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-014-0113-6"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2012.01845.x","article-title":"Multi-locus HLA class I and II allele and haplotype associations with follicular lymphoma","volume":"79","author":"Skibola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu006","article-title":"Medical History, Lifestyle, Family History, and Occupational Risk Factors for Follicular Lymphoma: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project","volume":"2014","author":"Linet","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.626","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of follicular lymphoma identifies a risk locus at 6p21.32","volume":"42","author":"Conde","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt082","article-title":"Risk of genome-wide association study-identified genetic variants for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a Chinese population","volume":"34","author":"Qiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0696","article-title":"A Two-Stage Evaluation of Genetic Variation in Immune and Inflammation Genes with Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Identifies New Susceptibility Locus in 6p21.3 Region","volume":"21","author":"Cerhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skibola, C.F., Conde, L., Foo, J.N., Riby, J., Humphreys, K., Sill\u00e9, F.C.M., Darabi, H., Sanchez, S., Hjalgrim, H., and Liu, J. (2012). A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of follicular lymphoma. BMC Genom., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-516"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.09.004","article-title":"Genome-wide Association Study Identifies Five Susceptibility Loci for Follicular Lymphoma outside the HLA Region","volume":"95","author":"Skibola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.419","article-title":"Genetic variants at 6p21.33 are associated with susceptibility to follicular lymphoma","volume":"41","author":"Skibola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.219","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies six susceptibility loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"40","author":"Broderick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.510","article-title":"Common variants at 2q37.3, 8q24.21, 15q21.3 and 16q24.1 influence chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk","volume":"42","author":"Broderick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu001","article-title":"Medical History, Lifestyle, Family History, and Occupational Risk Factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia\/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project","volume":"2014","author":"Slager","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djv279","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv279","article-title":"Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for Thirteen Cancer Types","volume":"107","author":"Sampson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-02-558767","article-title":"Fine-mapping of HLA associations with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in US populations","volume":"124","author":"Gragert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1167>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Association of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with specific alleles of the HLA-DR4:DR53:DQ8 haplotype in German patients","volume":"92","author":"Machulla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-308205","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies a novel susceptibility locus at 6p21.3 among familial CLL","volume":"117","author":"Slager","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190290021588","article-title":"Increased frequency of homozygosity for HLA class II loci in female patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"43","author":"Mueller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-413591","article-title":"Common variation at 6p21.31 (BAK1) influences the risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"120","author":"Slager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2652","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies multiple risk loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Berndt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2843","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"46","author":"Speedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10933","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10933","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Berndt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14175","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14175","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis implicates dysregulation of immunity genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"8","author":"Law","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41071","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41071","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma identifies pleiotropic risk loci","volume":"7","author":"Law","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08270.x","article-title":"Verification that common variation at 2q37.1, 6p25.3, 11q24.1, 15q23, and 19q13.32 influences chronic lymphocytic leukaemia risk","volume":"150","author":"Mansouri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.311","article-title":"Common variation at 12q24.13 (OAS3) influences chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk","volume":"29","author":"Sava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6751","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of marginal zone lymphoma shows association to the HLA region","volume":"6","author":"Vijai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vijai, J., Wang, Z., Berndt, S.I., Slager, S.L., Cerhan, J.R., Skibola, C., Wang, S.S., Brooks-Wilson, A.R., De Sanjos\u00e9, S., and Bracci, P.M. (2014, January 20\u201323). Abstract 5071: A genome-wide association study suggests evidence of variants at 6p21.32 associated with marginal zone lymphoma. Proceedings of the Epidemiology, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), New Orleans, LA, USA.","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2014-5071"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgu011","article-title":"Medical History, Lifestyle, Family History, and Occupational Risk Factors for Marginal Zone Lymphoma: The InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project","volume":"2014","author":"Bracci","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz088","article-title":"A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for primary central nervous system lymphoma at 6p25.3 and 3p22.1: A LOC Network study","volume":"21","author":"LaBreche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/23808993.2020.1777853","article-title":"Treating central nervous system lymphoma in the era of precision medicine","volume":"5","author":"Younan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Precis. Med. Drug Dev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2909","article-title":"Genetic association analysis identifies a role for ANO5 in prostate cancer progression","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2666","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma identifies 3q27 as a susceptibility locus in the Chinese population","volume":"45","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12070","article-title":"Common variants within 6p21.31 locus are associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and, potentially, other non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes","volume":"159","author":"Slager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.2","article-title":"Mutations, kataegis and translocations in B cells: Understanding AID promiscuous activity","volume":"16","author":"Casellas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40956","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.177402","article-title":"Local Sequence Targeting in the AID\/APOBEC Family Differentially Impacts Retroviral Restriction and Antibody Diversification","volume":"285","author":"Kohli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8866","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9866","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing reveals activation-induced cytidine deaminase signatures during indolent chronic lymphocytic leukaemia evolution","volume":"6","author":"Kasar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200483","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200483","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of germinal-center B cells informs on lymphoma cell of origin and outcome","volume":"217","author":"Holmes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/1\/122\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:45:51Z","timestamp":1760179551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/1\/122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22010122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22010122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]}}}