{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:53:27Z","timestamp":1790679207769,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) gene. Skeletal dysplasia and the related clinical features of MPS IVA are caused by disruption of the cartilage and its extracellular matrix, leading to a growth imbalance. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human GALNS has yielded positive results in activity of daily living and endurance tests. However, no data have demonstrated improvements in bone lesions and bone grow thin MPS IVA after ERT, and there is no correlation between therapeutic efficacy and urine levels of keratan sulfate, which accumulates in MPS IVA patients. Using qualitative and quantitative proteomics approaches, we analyzed leukocyte samples from healthy controls (n = 6) and from untreated (n = 5) and ERT-treated (n = 8, sampled before and after treatment) MPS IVA patients to identify potential biomarkers of disease. Out of 690 proteins identified in leukocytes, we selected a group of proteins that were dysregulated in MPS IVA patients with ERT. From these, we identified four potential protein biomarkers, all of which may influence bone and cartilage metabolism: lactotransferrin, coronin 1A, neutral alpha-glucosidase AB, and vitronectin. Further studies of cartilage and bone alterations in MPS IVA will be required to verify the validity of these proteins as potential biomarkers of MPS IVA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1609185783000},"page":"226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characterization of New Proteomic Biomarker Candidates in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"V\u00edctor J.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Neonatology Service, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Skeletal Dysplasia Lab Nemours Biomedical Research Nemours\/Alfred I. du Pont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7615-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana B.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomic Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pilar","family":"Chantada-Vazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomic Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9711-2812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crist\u00f3bal","family":"Col\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Neonatology Service, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"De Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Neonatology Service, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minority Diseases Unit Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4450-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidro","family":"Vitoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolophaties Unit, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0673-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunji","family":"Tomatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skeletal Dysplasia Lab Nemours Biomedical Research Nemours\/Alfred I. du Pont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Otero-Espinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paraquasil Platform, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4861-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Couce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, Neonatology Service, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERER, MetabERN, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36833","article-title":"International Guidelines for the Management and Treatment of Morquioa Syndrome","volume":"167A","author":"Hendriksz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. 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