{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:14:23Z","timestamp":1788880463064,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sepsis is a severe condition characterized by systemic inflammation. One of the most involved organs in sepsis is the heart. On the other hand, heart failure and dysfunction are some of the most leading causes of death in septic patients. miRNAs are short single-strand non-coding ribonucleic acids involved in the regulation of gene expression on a post-transcriptional phase, which means they are a part of the epigenetic process. Recently, researchers have found that miRNA expression in tissues and blood differs depending on different conditions. Because of this property, their use as serum sepsis biomarkers has also been explored. A narrative review is carried out to gather and summarize what is known about miRNAs\u2019 influence on cardiac dysfunction during sepsis. When reviewing the literature, we found at least 77 miRNAs involved in cardiac inflammation and dysfunction during sepsis. In the future, miRNAs may be used as early sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction biomarkers or as new drug targets. This could help clinicians to early detect, prevent, and treat cardiac damage. The potential role of miRNAs as new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies worth deepening the complex network between non-coding RNA and biological pathways. Additional studies are needed to further investigate their role in sepsis-induced myocardium injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T09:35:23Z","timestamp":1609320923000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["MicroRNAs and Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-028X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Chiara","family":"Manetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniello","family":"Maiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy"},{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Di","family":"Paolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"De Matteis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"La Russa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Turillazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa (PI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1686-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Fineschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome (RM), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1481","article-title":"The ACCP-SCCM consensus conference on sepsis and organ failure","volume":"101","author":"Bone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623","article-title":"Severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"369","author":"Angus","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. 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