{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:20Z","timestamp":1787028440449,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitric oxide (NO) binds to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), activates it in a reduced oxidized heme iron state, and generates cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP), which results in vasodilatation and inhibition of osteoclast activity. In inflammation, sGC is oxidized and becomes insensitive to NO. NO- and heme-independent activation of sGC requires protein expression of the \u03b11- and \u03b21-subunits. Inflammation of the periodontium induces the resorption of cementum by cementoclasts and the resorption of the alveolar bone by osteoclasts, which can lead to tooth loss. As the presence of sGC in cementoclasts is unknown, we investigated the \u03b11- and \u03b21-subunits of sGC in cementoclasts of healthy and inflamed human periodontium using double immunostaining for CD68 and cathepsin K and compared the findings with those of osteoclasts from the same sections. In comparison to cementoclasts in the healthy periodontium, cementoclasts under inflammatory conditions showed a decreased staining intensity for both \u03b11- and \u03b21-subunits of sGC, indicating reduced protein expression of these subunits. Therefore, pharmacological activation of sGC in inflamed periodontal tissues in an NO- and heme-independent manner could be considered as a new treatment strategy to inhibit cementum resorption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T08:58:34Z","timestamp":1610096314000},"page":"539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Inflammation in the Human Periodontium Induces Downregulation of the \u03b11- and \u03b21-Subunits of the sGC in Cementoclasts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2670-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y\u00fcksel","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5909-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrus","family":"Puladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Galler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-3764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peer W.","family":"K\u00e4mmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6010-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"G\u00f6lz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Sparwasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Friebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97070 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Deschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-009-0767-7","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of eNOS","volume":"459","author":"Fleming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pflug. 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