{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:20:48Z","timestamp":1790850048904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traumatic peripheral nerve lesions affect hundreds of thousands of patients every year; their consequences are life-altering and often devastating and cause alterations in movement and sensitivity. Spontaneous peripheral nerve recovery is often inadequate. In this context, nowadays, cell therapy represents one of the most innovative approaches in the field of nerve repair therapies. The purpose of this systematic review is to discuss the features of different types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) relevant for peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The published literature was reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A combination of the keywords \u201cnerve regeneration\u201d, \u201cstem cells\u201d, \u201cperipheral nerve injury\u201d, \u201crat\u201d, and \u201chuman\u201d were used. Additionally, a \u201cMeSH\u201d research was performed in PubMed using the terms \u201cstem cells\u201d and \u201cnerve regeneration\u201d. The characteristics of the most widely used MSCs, their paracrine potential, targeted stimulation, and differentiation potentials into Schwann-like and neuronal-like cells are described in this paper. Considering their ability to support and stimulate axonal growth, their remarkable paracrine activity, their presumed differentiation potential, their extremely low immunogenicity, and their high survival rate after transplantation, ADSCs appear to be the most suitable and promising MSCs for the recovery of peripheral nerve lesion. Clinical considerations are finally reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Perspectives in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lavorato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Boido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9921-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Durante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8907-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Cofano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4881-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Vincitorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1211-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Titolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traumatology\u2013Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, CTO Hospital, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Tartara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Istituto Clinico Citt\u00e0 Studi (ICCS), 20131 Milan, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vercelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Garbossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, TO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3727\/096368913X676934","article-title":"The Regeneration Potential after Human and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model can be Monitored by MRI","volume":"24","author":"Tremp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/573169","article-title":"Intravenous Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Enhance Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","volume":"2013","author":"Matthes","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. 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