{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:36:00Z","timestamp":1790807760818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Articular cartilage experiences mechanical constraints leading to chondral defects that inevitably evolve into osteoarthritis (OA), because cartilage has poor intrinsic repair capacity. Although OA is an incurable degenerative disease, several dietary supplements may help improve OA outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of Dielen\u00ae hydrolyzed fish collagens from skin (Promerim\u00ae30 and Promerim\u00ae60) and cartilage (Promerim\u00ae40) to analyze the phenotype and metabolism of equine articular chondrocytes (eACs) cultured as organoids. Here, our findings demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity and the beneficial effect of Promerim\u00ae hydrolysates on eAC metabolic activity under physioxia; further, Promerim\u00ae30 also delayed eAC senescence. To assess the effect of Promerim\u00ae in a cartilage-like tissue, eACs were cultured as organoids under hypoxia with or without BMP-2 and\/or IL-1\u03b2. In some instances, alone or in the presence of IL-1\u03b2, Promerim\u00ae30 and Promerim\u00ae40 increased protein synthesis of collagen types I and II, while decreasing transcript levels of proteases involved in OA pathogenesis, namely Htra1, and the metalloproteinases Mmp1-3, Adamts5, and Cox2. Both Promerim\u00ae hydrolysates also decreased Htra1 protein amounts, particularly in inflammatory conditions. The effect of Promerim\u00ae was enhanced under inflammatory conditions, possibly due to a decrease in the synthesis of inflammation-associated molecules. Finally, Promerim\u00ae favored in vitro repair in a scratch wound assay through an increase in cell proliferation or migration. Altogether, these data show that Promerim\u00ae30 and 40 hold promise as dietary supplements to relieve OA symptoms in patients and to delay OA progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Marine Collagen Hydrolysates Downregulate the Synthesis of Pro-Catabolic and Pro-Inflammatory Markers of Osteoarthritis and Favor Collagen Production and Metabolic Activity in Equine Articular Chondrocyte Organoids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastien","family":"Bourdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"Dielen Laboratory, 50110 Tourlaville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Contentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7991-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Cass\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Maspimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Oddoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dielen Laboratory, 50110 Tourlaville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dielen Laboratory, 50110 Tourlaville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Legendre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gruchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Caen University Hospital, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7797-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Gal\u00e9ra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Normandie University, UNICAEN, BIOTARGEN, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.07.013","article-title":"Histopathology Atlas of Animal Model Systems\u2013Overview of Guiding Principles","volume":"18","author":"Aigner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. 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