{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:16:48Z","timestamp":1792804608003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation DFG","award":["SCHR 1622\/1-1 and KI 2105\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHR 1622\/1-1 and KI 2105\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018mejw64","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Orthodontic Society DGKFO","award":["Kirschneck 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Kirschneck 2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary salt uptake and inflammation promote sodium accumulation in tissues, thereby modulating cells like macrophages and fibroblasts. Previous studies showed salt effects on periodontal ligament fibroblasts and on bone metabolism by expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells-5 (NFAT-5). Here, we investigated the impact of salt and NFAT-5 on osteoclast activity and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). After treatment of osteoclasts without (NS) or with additional salt (HS), we analyzed gene expression and the release of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and calcium phosphate resorption. We kept wild-type mice and mice lacking NFAT-5 in myeloid cells either on a low, normal or high salt diet and inserted an elastic band between the first and second molar to induce OTM. We analyzed the expression of genes involved in bone metabolism, periodontal bone loss, OTM and bone density. Osteoclast activity was increased upon HS treatment. HS promoted periodontal bone loss and OTM and was associated with reduced bone density. Deletion of NFAT-5 led to increased osteoclast activity with NS, whereas we detected impaired OTM in mice. Dietary salt uptake seems to accelerate OTM and induce periodontal bone loss due to reduced bone density, which may be attributed to enhanced osteoclast activity. NFAT-5 influences this reaction to HS, as we detected impaired OTM and osteoclast activity upon deletion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1610308556000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dietary Salt Accelerates Orthodontic Tooth Movement by Increased Osteoclast Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6010-9831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Gubernator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Leikam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ute","family":"Nazet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Cieplik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Jantsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Neubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Titze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Proff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509338914","article-title":"On a path to unfolding the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"88","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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