{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:43:57Z","timestamp":1789101837409,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) [L.232\/2016]. INTEROMICS flagship project (Interomics PB05), National Research Council CUP","award":["Grant B91JI2000190001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant B91JI2000190001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have emerged as new potential epigenetic biomarkers. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of six circulating miRNA previously described in the literature as biomarkers for the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and\/or as predictive biomarkers to antiepileptic drug response. We measured the differences in serum miRNA levels by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays in a cohort of 27 patients (14 women and 13 men; mean \u00b1 SD age: 43.65 \u00b1 17.07) with TLE compared to 20 healthy controls (HC) matched for sex, age and ethnicity (11 women and 9 men; mean \u00b1 SD age: 47.5 \u00b1 9.1). Additionally, patients were classified according to whether they had drug-responsive (n = 17) or drug-resistant (n = 10) TLE. We have investigated any correlations between miRNAs and several electroclinical parameters. Three miRNAs (miR-142, miR-146a, miR-223) were significantly upregulated in patients (expressed as average expression \u00b1 SD). In detail, miR-142 expression was 0.40 \u00b1 0.29 vs. 0.16 \u00b1 0.10 in TLE patients compared to HC (t-test, p &lt; 0.01), miR-146a expression was 0.15 \u00b1 0.11 vs. 0.07 \u00b1 0.04 (t-test, p &lt; 0.05), and miR-223 expression was 6.21 \u00b1 3.65 vs. 1.23 \u00b1 0.84 (t-test, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, results obtained from a logistic regression model showed the good performance of miR-142 and miR-223 in distinguishing drug-sensitive vs. drug-resistant TLE. The results of this pilot study give evidence that miRNAs are suitable targets in TLE and offer the rationale for further confirmation studies in larger epilepsy cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T14:28:53Z","timestamp":1610461733000},"page":"702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Circulating microRNAs as Potential Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers to Predict Drug Resistance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Selene","family":"De Benedittis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5540-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate-Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Gallivanone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate-Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3565-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Iaccino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Castiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cGiuseppe Occhialini\u201d, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5901-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate-Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Labate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gambardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, University \u201cMagna Graecia\u201d, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.06.005","article-title":"Network analysis for a network disorder: The emerging role of graph theory in the study of epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coan, A.C., Campos, B.M., Yasuda, C.L., Kubota, B.Y., Bergo, F.P., Guerreiro, C.A., and Cendes, F. 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