{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:26:17Z","timestamp":1791591977115,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005881","name":"Ministry of Human Capacities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005881","name":"Ministry of Human Capacities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u00daNKP-19-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-19-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005881","name":"Ministry of Human Capacities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u00daNKP-20-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-20-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000614","name":"FEMS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEMS-GO-2019-502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEMS-GO-2019-502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation (NKFIH) Office","award":["ANN 131341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANN 131341"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation (NKFIH) Office","award":["OTKA Bridging Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OTKA Bridging Fund"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation (NKFIH) Office","award":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00014"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation (NKFIH) Office","award":["GINOP-2.3.4-15-2020-00008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.4-15-2020-00008"]}]},{"name":"the Ministry of Human Capacities","award":["TKP-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP-2020"]}]},{"name":"New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["\u00daNKP-20-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u00daNKP-20-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida auris is a potential multidrug-resistant pathogen able to persist on indwelling devices as a biofilm, which serve as a source of catheter-associated infections. Neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein 2 (NFAP2) is a cysteine-rich, cationic protein with potent anti-Candida activity. We studied the in vitro activity of NFAP2 alone and in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against C. auris biofilms. The nature of interactions was assessed utilizing the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), a Bliss independence model, and LIVE\/DEAD viability assay. NFAP2 exerted synergy with all tested antifungals with FICIs ranging between 0.312\u20130.5, 0.155\u20130.5, 0.037\u20130.375, 0.064\u20130.375, and 0.064\u20130.375 for fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin, respectively. These results were confirmed using a Bliss model, where NFAP2 produced 17.54 \u03bcM2%, 2.16 \u03bcM2%, 33.31 \u03bcM2%, 10.72 \u03bcM2%, and 111.19 \u03bcM2% cumulative synergy log volume in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin, respectively. In addition, biofilms exposed to echinocandins (32 mg\/L) showed significant cell death in the presence of NFAP2 (128 mg\/L). Our study shows that NFAP2 displays strong potential as a novel antifungal compound in alternative therapies to combat C. auris biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T11:39:14Z","timestamp":1610624354000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Neosartorya fischeri Antifungal Protein 2 (NFAP2): A New Potential Weapon against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3946-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e1t\u00f3","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fruzsina","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lajos","family":"Forg\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili\u00e1na","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesv\u00e1ri krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, K\u00f6z\u00e9p fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgyi","family":"V\u00e1radi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor K.","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m t\u00e9r 8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Vad\u00e1szi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0585-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Borman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health England, Science Quarter, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology (MRC CMM), University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Majoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Galg\u00f3czy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Temesv\u00e1ri krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, K\u00f6z\u00e9p fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691","article-title":"Simultaneous Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris on 3 Continents Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Epidemiological Analyses","volume":"64","author":"Lockhart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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