{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:14:32Z","timestamp":1767845672796,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010621","name":"Medical University of Lublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no. DS 290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. DS 290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w","award":["N18\/DBS\/000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N18\/DBS\/000002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>External apical root resorption (EARR) is one of the most serious complications associated with orthodontic treatment. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), purinoreceptor P2X7 (P2RX7) and EARR in patients after orthodontic treatment. The study comprised 101 patients who underwent a complex orthodontic treatment with a combination of fixed appliances. Roots were measured based on orthopantomograms and lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and at the end of the treatment using diagnostic software. Proportional measurements of selected teeth were made using the modified Linge and Linge methods. Based on the presence or absence of EARR, patients were divided into two groups: control group, 61 patients without EARR (with 0.90 \u2264 rRCR \u2264 1.00), and EARR group, 40 patients with EARR (rRCR &lt; 0.90). Root resorption in selected groups was also evaluated with the scores of Malmgren and Levander. SNP analysis was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The analysis indicated that a specific haplotype of P2RX7 (rs208294) and IL1RN (rs419598) modified the risk of EARR development (p &lt; 0.05), with a Bonferroni correction. The analysis of the P2RX7 and IL1RN gene polymorphisms showed that the presence of SNPs of these genes may predispose individuals to EARR. These findings indicate that EARR is a complex condition influenced not only by environmental factors and needs further study on the genetic risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T11:39:14Z","timestamp":1610624354000},"page":"777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Polymorphisms of Encoding Genes IL1RN and P2RX7 in Apical Root Resorption in Patients after Orthodontic Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9038-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Ciurla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentist\u2019s Office ORTO-PUNKT, Mo\u015bcickiego St. 72\/1, 33-100 Tarn\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6923-0651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Szyma\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5579-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz J.","family":"P\u0142achno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krak\u00f3w, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8473-7429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Bogucka-Kocka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chod\u017aki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. 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