{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T18:03:54Z","timestamp":1782497034586,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In higher vertebrates, helper and cytotoxic T cells, referred to as CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, respectively, are mainly associated with adaptive immunity. The adaptive immune system in teleosts involves T cells equivalent to those found in mammals. We previously generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) CD4 T cells, CD4-1 and CD4-2, and used these to describe the olive flounder\u2019s CD4 Tcell response during a viral infection. In the present study, we successfully produced mAbs against CD8 T lymphocytes and their specificities were confirmed using immuno-blotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis andreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that these mAbs are specific for CD8 T lymphocytes. We also investigated variations in CD4 and CD8 T cells populations, and analyzed the expression of immune-related genes expressed by these cells in fish infected with nervous necrosis virus or immunized with thymus dependent and independent antigens. We found that both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte populations significantly increased in these fish and Th1-related genes were up-regulated compared to the control group. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in olive flounder are similar to the helper and cytotoxic T cells found in mammals, and Th1 and cytotoxic immune responses are primarily involved in the early adaptive immune response against extracellular antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1610714645000},"page":"847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Elucidating the Functional Roles of Helper and Cytotoxic T Cells in the Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jae Wook","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ae Rin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaesung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Rim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jassy Mary S.","family":"Lazarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim D.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeongsu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inland Aquaculture Research, National Institute of Fisheries Science, #55, 25gil, Yeomyeong-ro, Jinhae-gu, Changwon-si 51688, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Sung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si 52828, Korea"},{"name":"Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, J.W., Chun, J.H., Lee, J.S., Kim, S.W., Lee, A.R., Kim, J., Lazarte, J.M.S., Kim, Y.R., Kim, H.J., and Thompson, K.D. 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