{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T23:20:39Z","timestamp":1780096839998,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mectron SpA","award":["prot. n. 248\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["prot. n. 248\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for tooth replacement, and titanium is the metal of choice due to its demonstrated superiority in resisting corrosion, lack of allergic reactions and mechanical strength. Surface roughness of titanium implants favors the osseointegration process; nevertheless, its topography may provide a suitable substrate for bacterial biofilm deposition, causing peri-implantitis and leading to implant failure. Subgingival prophylaxis treatments with cleansing powders aimed to remove the bacterial accumulation are under investigation. Two different air-polishing powders\u2014glycine and tagatose\u2014were assayed for their cleaning and antimicrobial potential against a Pseudomonas biofilm and for their effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), seeded on sandblasted titanium disks. Immunofluorescence analyses were carried out to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, stemness and osteogenic differentiation. The results demonstrate that both the powders have a great in vitro cleaning potential in the early period and do not show any negative effects during hDPSCs osteogenic differentiation process, suggesting their suitability for enhancing the biocompatibility of titanium implants. Our data suggest that the evaluated cleansing systems reduce microbial contamination and allow us to propose tagatose as an adequate alternative to the gold standard glycine for the air-polishing prophylaxis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T05:17:34Z","timestamp":1610947054000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Air-Polishing Treatments and Their Influence on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Seeded on Titanium Disks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Di Tinco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pisciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-8791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessika","family":"Bertacchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Colombari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4296-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Conserva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Operative Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department Integrated Activity-Specialist Surgeries, University-Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5557-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"Consolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Operative Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department Integrated Activity-Specialist Surgeries, University-Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5348-5991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(85)90562-1","article-title":"Titanium: The mystery metal of implant dentistry. Dental materials aspects","volume":"54","author":"Parr","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(85)90435-4","article-title":"Soft tissue response to endosseous titanium oral implants","volume":"54","author":"Toth","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Prosthet. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Cell behavior related to implant surfaces with different microstructure and chemical composition: An in vitro analysis","volume":"25","author":"Conserva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01274.x","article-title":"Titanium surface modification and its effect on the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis: An in vitro study","volume":"17","author":"Amoroso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30320","article-title":"High surface energy enhances cell response to titanium substrate microstructure","volume":"74","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108991776","article-title":"Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man","volume":"52","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01283.x","article-title":"Group D of European Workshop on Periodontology Peri-implant diseases: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology","volume":"35","author":"Lindhe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.1991.020305.x","article-title":"Histo-pathologic characteristics of peri-implant soft tissues in Br\u00e5nemark implants with 2 distinct clinical and radiological patterns","volume":"2","author":"Sanz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00486.x","article-title":"Histopathological observations of human periimplantitis lesions","volume":"31","author":"Berglundh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514551754","article-title":"Composition of human peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions","volume":"93","author":"Carcuac","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12052","article-title":"Cluster of bacteria associated with peri-implantitis","volume":"16","author":"Persson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1994.65.10.942","article-title":"Contaminated implant surfaces: An in vitro comparison of implant surface coating and treatment modalities for decontamination","volume":"65","author":"Dennison","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12914","article-title":"Decontamination of titanium implants using physical methods","volume":"28","author":"Laurenti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2019.49.3.193","article-title":"Decontamination methods to restore the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces","volume":"49","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontal. Implant. Sci"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"e920513","article-title":"Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Decontamination Methods as Tested on Dental Implants with Various Types of Surfaces","volume":"26","author":"Hadzik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1571-8","article-title":"Effectivity of air-abrasive powder based on glycine and tricalcium phosphate in removal of initial biofilm on titanium and zirconium oxide surfaces in an ex vivo model","volume":"20","author":"John","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Investig."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000597","article-title":"Air-Abrasive Disinfection of Implant Surfaces in a Simulated Model of Periimplantitis","volume":"26","author":"Quintero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Implant. Dent."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13441","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of three different implant surface decontamination methods in three different defect configurations","volume":"30","author":"Keim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conserva, E., Pisciotta, A., Bertoni, L., Bertani, G., Meto, A., Colombari, B., Blasi, E., Bellini, P., de Pol, A., and Consolo, U. (2019). Evaluation of Biological Response of STRO-1\/c-Kit Enriched Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Titanium Surfaces Treated with Two Different Cleaning Systems. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081868"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12875","article-title":"Cleaning potential of different air abrasive powders and their impact on implant surface roughness","volume":"22","author":"Matsubara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060420","article-title":"Subgingival debridement efficacy of glycine powder air polishing","volume":"78","author":"Flemmig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12133","article-title":"Efficacy of glycine powder air polishing in comparison with sodium bicarbonate air polishing and ultrasonic scaling\u2014A double-blind clinico-histopathologic study","volume":"13","author":"Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J. Dent. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Consensus Conference Findings on Supragingival and Subgingival Air Polishing","volume":"38","author":"Cobb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.31154","article-title":"Influence of different air-abrasive powders on cell viability at biologically contaminated titanium dental implants surfaces","volume":"88","author":"Schwarz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2485\/jhtb.25.205","article-title":"Behavior of Human Gingival Epithelial Cells on Titanium Following Abrasion of the Adjunctive Glycine Air Polishing Powder","volume":"25","author":"Koishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hard Tissue Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-17-00128","article-title":"Re-establishment of Biocompatibility of the In Vitro Contaminated Titanium Surface Using Osteoconductive Powders With Air-Abrasive Treatment","volume":"44","author":"Tastepe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00279","article-title":"Modulation of Cell Death and Promotion of Chondrogenic Differentiation by Fas\/FasL in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs)","volume":"8","author":"Pisciotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2009.10.012","article-title":"Human dental pulp stem cells with highly angiogenic and neurogenic potential for possible use in pulp regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Nakashima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.06.001","article-title":"Dental Pulp Stem Cells: Their Potential in Reinnervation and Angiogenesis by Using Scaffolds","volume":"43","author":"Lambrichts","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12675","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12675","article-title":"Regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: In vitro and in vivo study","volume":"52","author":"Zordani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513485599","article-title":"VEGFR2-dependent angiogenic capacity of pericyte-like dental pulp stem cells","volume":"92","author":"Janebodin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period","volume":"16","author":"Hansson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand. J. Plast Reconstr. Surg. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"61","article-title":"Biology of implant osseointegration","volume":"9","author":"Mavrogenis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal. Interact."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01775.x","article-title":"Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Wennerberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-0344(02)00032-1","article-title":"Interactions between cells and titanium surfaces","volume":"19","author":"Eisenbarth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.05.098","article-title":"Correlative Microscopy Analysis of Surface Topography in Machining Ti-6Al-7Nb","volume":"88","author":"Horovistiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"40","article-title":"Surface chemistry effects of topographic modification of titanium dental implant surfaces: 1. Surface analysis","volume":"18","author":"Morra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820250708","article-title":"Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs","volume":"25","author":"Buser","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.03.017","article-title":"Bone responses to titanium implants surface-roughened by sandblasted and double etched treatments in a rabbit model","volume":"106","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral. Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"S123","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome of implants with different surface modifications","volume":"11","author":"Wennerberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J. Oral. Implantol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01820.x","article-title":"Spontaneous progression of experimental peri-implantitis at implants with different surface characteristics: An experimental study in dogs","volume":"39","author":"Albouy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monje, A., Eick, S., Buser, D., and Salvi, G.E. (2020). Microbial and host-derived biomarker changes during ligature-induced and spontaneous peri-implantitis in the Beagle dog. J. Periodontal. Res.","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12797"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.05.006","article-title":"Initial oral biofilm formation on titanium implants with different surface treatments: An in vivo study","volume":"69","author":"Franco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-017-0317-2","article-title":"Plaque accumulation on titanium disks with different surface treatments: An in vivo investigation","volume":"106","author":"Conserva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Odontology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514559128","article-title":"The pathology of bone tissue during peri-implantitis","volume":"94","author":"Schminke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"845","article-title":"Clinical and microbiologic effects of chemical versus mechanical cleansing in professional supportive implant therapy","volume":"13","author":"Strooker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2012.02490.x","article-title":"Effect of air polishing with glycine powder on titanium abutment surfaces","volume":"24","author":"Cochis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implant. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00290.x","article-title":"Subgingival plaque removal in buccal and lingual sites using a novel low abrasive air-polishing powder","volume":"30","author":"Petersilka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbz042","article-title":"Mechanical and biological properties of Ti\u2013(0\u201325 wt%)Nb alloys for biomedical implants application","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2009.00177.x","article-title":"The effect of surface processing of titanium implants on the behavior of human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells","volume":"13","author":"Klinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"843","article-title":"D-Tagatose inhibits the growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"17","author":"Hasibul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisciotta, A., Carnevale, G., Meloni, S., Riccio, M., De Biasi, S., Gibellini, L., Ferrari, A., Bruzzesi, G., and De Pol, A. (2015). Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs): Isolation, enrichment and comparative differentiation of two sub-populations. BMC Dev. Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12861-015-0065-x"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200605000-00021","article-title":"In vitro bone production using stem cells derived from human dental pulp","volume":"17","author":"Laino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diomede, F., Marconi, G.D., Fonticoli, L., Pizzicanella, J., Merciaro, I., Bramanti, P., Mazzon, E., and Trubiani, O. (2020). Functional Relationship between Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in Tissue Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093242"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.24","article-title":"mini-Tn7 insertion in bacteria with single attTn7 sites: Example Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"1","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Tinco, R., Sergi, R., Bertani, G., Pisciotta, A., Bellucci, D., Carnevale, G., Cannillo, V., and Bertoni, L. (2020). Effects of a Novel Bioactive Glass Composition on Biological Properties of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13184049"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/2\/865\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:11:56Z","timestamp":1760159516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/2\/865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22020865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22020865","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]}}}