{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:09:46Z","timestamp":1792458586093,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preclinical studies provided some important insights into the action of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in taste perception. This review examines the literature to uncover some molecular mechanisms and connections between GLP-1 and the gustatory coding. Local GLP-1 production in the taste bud cells, the expression of GLP-1 receptor on the adjacent nerves, a functional continuum in the perception of sweet chemicals from the gut to the tongue and an identification of GLP-1 induced signaling pathways in peripheral and central gustatory coding all strongly suggest that GLP-1 is involved in the taste perception, especially sweet. However, the impact of GLP-1 based therapies on gustatory coding in humans remains largely unaddressed. Based on the molecular background we encourage further exploration of the tongue as a new treatment target for GLP-1 receptor agonists in clinical studies. Given that pharmacological manipulation of gustatory coding may represent a new potential strategy against obesity and diabetes, the topic is of utmost clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1611032131000},"page":"902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Taste Perception: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Clinical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mojca","family":"Jensterle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9549-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfredi","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Janez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2006.02.007","article-title":"Effects of snacks on energy intake: An evolutionary perspective","volume":"47","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.7","article-title":"The endocrinology of taste receptors","volume":"11","author":"Calvo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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