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They originate from uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells from different stages in their maturation\/differentiation and account for 6.5% of all cancers around the world. During the last decade, it has been proven that the gut microbiota, more specifically the gastrointestinal commensal bacteria, is implicated in the genesis and progression of many diseases. The immune-modulating effects of the human microbiota extend well beyond the gut, mostly through the small molecules they produce. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the role of the microbiota in modulating the immune system, its role in hematological malignancies, and its influence on different therapies for these diseases, including autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T12:16:18Z","timestamp":1611144978000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Gut Microbiota Influence in Hematological Malignancies: From Genesis to Cure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mireia","family":"Uribe-Herranz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Diagn\u00f2stic Biom\u00e8dic, Department of Immunology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona (HCB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut D\u2019 Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Plataforma d\u2019Immunoterapia Banc de Sang i Teixits\u2013HSB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nela","family":"Klein-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Diagn\u00f2stic Biom\u00e8dic, Department of Immunology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona (HCB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut D\u2019 Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Plataforma d\u2019Immunoterapia Banc de Sang i Teixits\u2013HSB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Gerardo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut D\u2019 Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Amyloidosis and Myeloma Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3064-1648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manel","family":"Juan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Diagn\u00f2stic Biom\u00e8dic, Department of Immunology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona (HCB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Institut D\u2019 Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Plataforma d\u2019Immunoterapia Banc de Sang i Teixits\u2013HSB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Plataforma d\u2019Immunoter\u00e0pia Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u-HCB, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4930-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez de Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut D\u2019 Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundaci\u00f3 Cl\u00ednic per a la Recerca Biom\u00e8dica (FCRB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Amyloidosis and Myeloma Unit, Department of Hematology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.898326","article-title":"Surface Area of the Digestive Tract-Revisited","volume":"49","author":"Helander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. 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