{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:46:44Z","timestamp":1760233604397,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Evetts and Robert Luff Welfare Trust","award":["PhD studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD studentship"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L002795\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L002795\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients harbouring mutations in genes encoding C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP; NPPC) or its receptor guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B, NPR2) suffer from severe growth phenotypes; loss-of-function mutations cause achondroplasia, whereas gain-of-function mutations cause skeletal overgrowth. Although most of the effects of CNP\/GC-B on growth are mediated directly on bone, evidence suggests the natriuretic peptides may also affect anterior pituitary control of growth. Our previous studies described the expression of NPPC and NPR2 in a range of human pituitary tumours, normal human pituitary, and normal fetal human pituitary. However, the natriuretic peptide system in somatotropes has not been extensively explored. Here, we examine the expression and function of the CNP\/GC-B system in rat GH3 somatolactotrope cell line and pituitary tumours from a cohort of feline hypersomatotropism (HST; acromegaly) patients. Using multiplex RT-qPCR, all three natriuretic peptides and their receptors were detected in GH3 cells. The expression of Nppc was significantly enhanced following treatment with either 100 nM TRH or 10 \u00b5M forskolin, yet only Npr1 expression was sensitive to forskolin stimulation; the effects of forskolin and TRH on Nppc expression were PKA- and MAPK-dependent, respectively. CNP stimulation of GH3 somatolactotropes significantly inhibited Esr1, Insr and Lepr expression, but dramatically enhanced cFos expression at the same time point. Oestrogen treatment significantly enhanced expression of Nppa, Nppc, Npr1, and Npr2 in GH3 somatolactotropes, but inhibited CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation. Finally, transcripts for all three natriuretic peptides and receptors were expressed in feline pituitary tumours from patients with HST. NPPC expression was negatively correlated with pituitary tumour volume and SSTR5 expression, but positively correlated with D2R and GHR expression. Collectively, these data provide mechanisms that control expression and function of CNP in somatolactotrope cells, and identify putative transcriptional targets for CNP action in somatotropes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T11:13:53Z","timestamp":1611314033000},"page":"1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Natriuretic Peptide Expression and Function in GH3 Somatolactotropes and Feline Somatotrope Pituitary Tumours"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Mirczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Scudder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences &amp; Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan E.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob T.","family":"Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bigboy","family":"Simbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig A.","family":"McArdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences &amp; Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7851-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Fenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences &amp; Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences &amp; Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK"},{"name":"Small Animal Specialist Hospital, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113 NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger A.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences &amp; Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, B\u00fcnteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline P.","family":"Wheeler-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"Korbonits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stijn J.","family":"Niessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences &amp; Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imelda M.","family":"McGonnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2222-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Fowkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00288-5","article-title":"C-type Natriuretic Peptide: An Important Neuroendocrine Regulator?","volume":"11","author":"Fowkes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. 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