{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:46:27Z","timestamp":1780393587068,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Austrian Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association","award":["Helene Matras Preis"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Helene Matras Preis"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cleft alveolar bone defects can be treated potentially with tissue engineered bone grafts. Herein, we developed novel biphasic bone constructs consisting of two clinically certified materials, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and a fibrin gel that were biofabricated using 3D plotting. The fibrin gel was loaded with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow. Firstly, the degradation of fibrin as well as the behavior of cells in the biphasic system were evaluated in vitro. Fibrin degraded quickly in presence of MSC. Our results showed that the plotted CPC structure acted slightly stabilizing for the fibrin gel. However, with passing time and fibrin degradation, MSC migrated to the CPC surface. Thus, the fibrin gel could be identified as cell delivery system. A pilot study in vivo was conducted in artificial craniofacial defects in Lewis rats. Ongoing bone formation could be evidenced over 12 weeks but the biphasic constructs were not completely osseous integrated. Nevertheless, our results show that the combination of 3D plotted CPC constructs and fibrin as suitable cell delivery system enables the fabrication of novel regenerative implants for the treatment of alveolar bone defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T23:01:28Z","timestamp":1611702088000},"page":"1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Toward Biofabrication of Resorbable Implants Consisting of a Calcium Phosphate Cement and Fibrin\u2014A Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilman","family":"Ahlfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Lode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard Frank","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Pradel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9324-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4067-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Rauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Stadlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstr 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Lauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9075-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Gelinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Korn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Charit\u00e9, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1699383","article-title":"Alveolar Bone Grafting","volume":"42","author":"Lilja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J. 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