{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:55:20Z","timestamp":1791863720227,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuronal intracellular chloride ([Cl\u2212]i) is a key determinant in \u03b3-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA)ergic signaling. \u03b3-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) mediate both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission, as the passive fluxes of Cl\u2212 and HCO3\u2212 via pores can be reversed by changes in the transmembrane concentration gradient of Cl\u2212. The cation\u2013chloride co-transporters (CCCs) are the primary systems for maintaining [Cl\u2212]i homeostasis. However, despite extensive electrophysiological data obtained in vitro that are supported by a wide range of molecular biological studies on the expression patterns and properties of CCCs, the presence of ontogenetic changes in [Cl\u2212]i\u2014along with the consequent shift in GABA reversal potential\u2014remain a subject of debate. Recent studies showed that the \u03b23 subunit possesses properties of the P-type ATPase that participates in the ATP-consuming movement of Cl\u2212 via the receptor. Moreover, row studies have demonstrated that the \u03b23 subunit is a key player in GABAAR performance and in the appearance of serious neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the properties and driving forces of CCCs and Cl\u2212, HCO3\u2212ATPase in the maintenance of [Cl\u2212]i homeostasis after changes in upcoming GABAAR function. Moreover, we discuss the contribution of the \u03b23 subunit in the manifestation of epilepsy, autism, and other syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Intricacies of GABAA Receptor Function: The Critical Role of the \u03b23 Subunit in Norm and Pathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Menzikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Russian Academy of Science, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya st., 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey G.","family":"Morozov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Russian Academy of Science, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya st., 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslan A.","family":"Kubatiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Russian Academy of Science, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya st., 125315 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Russian Medical Academy of Postdoctoral Education, 2\/1 Barrykadnaya st., 123995 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00101","article-title":"Chloride Homeostasis in Neurons with Special Emphasis on the Olivocerebellar System: Differential Roles for Transporters and Channels","volume":"12","author":"Hoebeek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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