{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T18:51:38Z","timestamp":1784659898745,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The polypeptide Pep19-2.5 (Aspidasept\u00ae) has been described to act efficiently against infection-inducing bacteria by binding and neutralizing their most potent toxins, i.e., lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoproteins\/peptides (LP), independent of the resistance status of the bacteria. The mode of action was described to consist of a primary Coulomb\/polar interaction of the N-terminal region of Pep19-2.5 with the polar region of the toxins followed by a hydrophobic interaction of the C-terminal region of the peptide with the apolar moiety of the toxins. However, clinical development of Aspidasept as an anti-sepsis drug requires an in-depth characterization of the interaction of the peptide with the constituents of the human immune system and with other therapeutically relevant compounds such as antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this contribution, relevant details of primary and secondary pharmacodynamics, off-site targets, and immunogenicity are presented, proving that Pep19-2.5 may be readily applied therapeutically against the deleterious effects of a severe bacterial infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T05:44:42Z","timestamp":1612244682000},"page":"1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anti-Infective and Anti-Inflammatory Mode of Action of Peptide 19-2.5"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Heinbockel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c\/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Parkallee 10 b, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4493-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Weindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilmar","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum FG Biophysik, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Lungenzentrum, FG Molekulare Grenzfl\u00e4chenbiologie, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Reiling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Lungenzentrum, FG Molekulare Grenzfl\u00e4chenbiologie, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Wiesm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EMC MIcrocollections, Sindelfinger Stra\u00dfe 3, D-72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3830-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Sch\u00fcrholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr An\u00e4sthesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universit\u00e4smedizin Rostock, Schillngallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gutsmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum FG Biophysik, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Martinez de Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Mauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c\/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Parkallee 10 b, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"},{"name":"Asklepios-Klinik Hamburg-Altona, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 1, D-22763 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c\/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Parkallee 10 b, D-23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02066-12","article-title":"Preclinical investigations reveal the broad-spectrum neutralizing activity of peptide Pep19-2.5 on bacterial pathogenicity factors","volume":"57","author":"Heinbockel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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