{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T21:35:06Z","timestamp":1785015306518,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972633\uff0c31572476, 31272483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972633\uff0c31572476, 31272483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing","award":["6172022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6172022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Restraint stress causes various maternal diseases during pregnancy. \u03b22-Adrenergic receptor (\u03b22-AR) and Forkhead transcription factor class O 1 (FOXO1) are critical factors not only in stress, but also in reproduction. However, the role of FOXO1 in restraint stress, causing changes in the \u03b22-AR pathway in pregnant mice, has been unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the \u03b22-AR pathway of restraint stress and its impact on the oxidative stress of the maternal uterus. In the study, maternal mice were treated with restraint stress by being restrained in a transparent and ventilated device before sacrifice on Pregnancy Day 5 (P5), Pregnancy Day 10 (P10), Pregnancy Day 15 (P15), and Pregnancy Day 20 (P20) as well as on Non-Pregnancy Day 5 (NP5). Restraint stress augmented blood corticosterone (CORT), norepinephrine (NE), and blood glucose levels, while oestradiol (E2) levels decreased. Moreover, restraint stress increased the mRNA levels of the FOXO family, \u03b22-AR, and even the protein levels of FOXO1 and \u03b22-AR in the uterus and ovaries. Furthermore, restraint stress increased uterine oxidative stress level. In vitro, the protein levels of FOXO1 were also obviously increased when \u03b22-AR was activated in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). In addition, phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (p-NF-\u03baB p65) and its target genes decreased significantly when FOXO1 was inhibited. Overall, it can be said that the \u03b22-AR\/FOXO1\/p-NF-\u03baB p65 pathway was activated when pregnant mice were under restraint stress. This study provides a scientific basis for the origin of psychological stress in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1612270872000},"page":"1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Role of the FOXO1\/\u03b22-AR\/p-NF-\u03baB p65 Pathway in the Development of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Pregnant Mice under Restraint Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaoxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9425-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000327017","article-title":"Exposure to prenatal psychobiological stress exerts programming influences on the mother and her fetus","volume":"95","author":"Sandman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2013.876404","article-title":"Prenatal maternal stress exposure and immune function in the offspring","volume":"17","author":"Veru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.08.018","article-title":"Inflammation: A Proposed Intermediary between Maternal Stress and Offspring Neuropsychiatric Risk","volume":"85","author":"Hantsoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. 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