{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:37:35Z","timestamp":1792449455856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T18:45:00Z","timestamp":1613155500000},"page":"1819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ahmad Hassan","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafa","family":"Nayab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Bilal","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muqarrab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-012-1567-y","article-title":"Magnesium mobility in soils as a challenge for soil and plant analysis, magnesium fertilization and root uptake under adverse growth conditions","volume":"368","author":"Gransee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Magnesium: A Forgotten element in crop. production","volume":"94","author":"Cakmak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Better Crop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(94)90148-1","article-title":"The light-harvesting chlorophyll ab-binding proteins","volume":"1184","author":"Jansson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim. 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