{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:09:04Z","timestamp":1792602544437,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":335,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003386","name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de N\u00e9phrologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of kidney disease is rising, constituting a significant burden on the healthcare system and making identification of new therapeutic targets increasingly urgent. The heme oxygenase (HO) system performs an important function in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and, via these mechanisms, is thought to play a role in the prevention of non-specific injuries following acute renal failure or resulting from chronic kidney disease. The expression of HO-1 is strongly inducible by a wide range of stimuli in the kidney, consequent to the kidney\u2019s filtration role which means HO-1 is exposed to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, and it has been shown to be protective in a variety of nephropathological animal models. Interestingly, the positive effect of HO-1 occurs in both hemolysis- and rhabdomyolysis-dominated diseases, where the kidney is extensively exposed to heme (a major HO-1 inducer), as well as in non-heme-dependent diseases such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy or progression to end-stage renal disease. This highlights the complexity of HO-1\u2019s functions, which is also illustrated by the fact that, despite the abundance of preclinical data, no drug targeting HO-1 has so far been translated into clinical use. The objective of this review is to assess current knowledge relating HO-1\u2019s role in the kidney and its potential interest as a nephroprotection agent. The potential therapeutic openings will be presented, in particular through the identification of clinical trials targeting this enzyme or its products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1613681781000},"page":"2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Heme Oxygenase 1: A Defensive Mediator in Kidney Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0701-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Grunenwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9940-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubka T.","family":"Roumenina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Frimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U1167-RID-AGE, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Nephrology Department, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012","article-title":"A Single Number for Advocacy and Communication\u2014Worldwide More than 850 Million Individuals Have Kidney Diseases","volume":"96","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31694-5","article-title":"Forecasting Life Expectancy, Years of Life Lost, and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality for 250 Causes of Death: Reference and Alternative Scenarios for 2016\u201340 for 195 Countries and Territories","volume":"392","author":"Foreman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luyckx, V.A., Al-Aly, Z., Bello, A.K., Bellorin-Font, E., Carlini, R.G., Fabian, J., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iyengar, A., Sekkarie, M., and van Biesen, W. 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