{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T18:30:24Z","timestamp":1774204224508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012412","name":"Kansai Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["research grant D2 (2020)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["research grant D2 (2020)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, it has been suggested that progesterone affects the contractile activity of pregnant myometrium via nongenomic pathways; therefore, we aimed to clarify whether progesterone causes and\/or inhibits pregnant myometrial contractions via nongenomic pathways. Our in vitro experiments using myometrial strips obtained from rats at 20 days of gestation revealed that progesterone caused myometrial contractions in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at concentrations up to 5 \u00d7 10\u22127 M; however, this effect decreased at concentrations higher than 5 \u00d7 10\u22125 M. Similarly, progesterone enhanced oxytocin-induced contractions up to 5 \u00d7 10\u22127 M and inhibited contractions at concentrations higher than 5 \u00d7 10\u22125 M. Conversely, progesterone did not enhance high-KCl-induced contractions but inhibited contractions in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at concentrations higher than 5 \u00d7 10\u22127 M. We also found that RU486 did not affect progesterone-induced contractions or the progesterone-induced inhibition of high-KCl-induced contractions; however, progesterone-induced contractions were blocked by calcium-free phosphate saline solution, verapamil, and nifedipine. In addition, FPL64176, an activator of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, enhanced high-KCl-induced contractions and rescued the decrease in high-KCl-induced contractions caused by progesterone. Together, these results suggest that progesterone exerts conflicting nongenomic effects on the contractions of pregnant myometrium via putative L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T14:23:27Z","timestamp":1614003807000},"page":"2154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conflicting Nongenomic Effects of Progesterone in the Myometrium of Pregnant Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-51-5-378","article-title":"The antagonistic effects of estrogen and progesterone on the staircase phenomenon in uterine muscle","volume":"51","author":"Csapo","year":"1952","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4812.687","article-title":"Action of the ovarian hormones on uterine muscle","volume":"1","author":"Corner","year":"1953","journal-title":"Br. 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