{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:41:40Z","timestamp":1791380500435,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium are a common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which can lead to tubal factor infertility (TFI). TFI is one of the most common causes of infertility, accounting for 30% of female fertility problems. STIs can also have an impact on pregnancy, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Escalating antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium represents a significant problem and can be therapeutically challenging. We present a comprehensive review of the current treatment options, as well as the molecular approach to this subject. We have given special attention to molecular epidemiology, molecular diagnostics, current and new treatments, and drug resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T14:23:27Z","timestamp":1614003807000},"page":"2170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The Impact of Selected Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases on Pregnancy and Female Fertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Smolarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3936-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Rudnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0124-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Szukiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blazej","family":"Meczekalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Smolarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Pieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.03.009","article-title":"Genital tract infections and infertility","volume":"140","author":"Pellati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. 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