{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T11:14:55Z","timestamp":1793445295436,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Red de Salud Materno-Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID) (RD12\/0026\/0003 and RD16\/0022\/0002)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Red de Salud Materno-Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID) (RD12\/0026\/0003 and RD16\/0022\/0002)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/00566 and PI19\/01853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/00566 and PI19\/01853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anxiety and eating disorders produce a physiological imbalance that triggers alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, the gut\u2013brain axis can be altered by several factors such as diet, lifestyle, infections, and antibiotic treatment. Diet alterations generate gut dysbiosis, which affects immune system responses, inflammation mechanisms, the intestinal permeability, as well as the production of short chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters by gut microbiota, which are essential to the correct function of neurological processes. Recent studies indicated that patients with generalized anxiety or eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorders) show a specific profile of gut microbiota, and this imbalance can be partially restored after a single or multi-strain probiotic supplementation. Following the PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the main microbial signatures observed in patients with generalized anxiety and\/or eating disorders as well as the importance of probiotics as a preventive or a therapeutic tool in these pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T21:02:34Z","timestamp":1614373354000},"page":"2351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Effects of Microbiota Imbalance in Anxiety and Eating Disorders: Probiotics as Novel Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Navarro-Tapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d\u2032investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-7222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Almeida-Toledano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u and Hospital Cl\u00ednic), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariona","family":"Serra-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u and Hospital Cl\u00ednic), University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Algar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d\u2032investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7183-8706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Andreu-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d\u2032investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Health, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0047.2004.00325.x","article-title":"12-Month comorbidity patterns and associated factors in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project","volume":"109","author":"Alonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. 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