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Among molecular mediators potentially relevant in this field, vitamin D has been recently pointed out, and abnormalities of the vitamin D axis have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and arthritis. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients affected by IBD and chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus suggesting the intriguing possibility of impacting the disease activity by the administration vitamin D supplements. In the present review, the complex interwoven link between vitamin D signaling, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and the immune system was examined. Potential clinical application exploiting vitamin D pathway in the context of IBD and arthritis is presented and critically discussed. A more detailed comprehension of the vitamin D effects and interactions at molecular level would allow one to achieve a novel therapeutic approach in gastro-rheumatologic inflammatory diseases through the design of specific trials and the optimization of treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T20:43:32Z","timestamp":1614545012000},"page":"2456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9985-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Pagnini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8552-4641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Picchianti-Diamanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-6350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Bruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2130-4321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Lorenzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele Maria","family":"Luchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis Severino","family":"Martin Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Regina Apostolorum, U.O. di Medicina Interna e Reumatologia, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1097-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Pica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-7282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palma","family":"Scolieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1839-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Lia","family":"Scribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, AO San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Costantino","family":"Zampaletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Belcolle Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Sole","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00187 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Lagana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0178-8","article-title":"Osteoimmunology: Evolving concepts in bone-immune interactions in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Tsukasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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