{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:39:57Z","timestamp":1790667597668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For a better translation from treatment designs of schizophrenia to clinical efficiency, there is a crucial need to refine preclinical animal models. In order to consider the multifactorial nature of the disorder, a new mouse model associating three factors (genetic susceptibility\u2014partial deletion of the MAP6 gene, early-life stress\u2014maternal separation, and pharmacological treatment\u2014chronic \u0394-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence) has recently been described. While this model depicts a schizophrenia-like phenotype, the neurobiological correlates remain unknown. Synaptic transmission and functional plasticity of the CA1 hippocampal region of male and female 3-hit mice were therefore investigated using electrophysiological recordings on the hippocampus slice. While basal excitatory transmission remained unaffected, NMDA receptor (NMDAr)-mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) triggered by theta-burst (TBS) but not by high-frequency (HFS) stimulation was impaired in 3-hit mice. Isolated NMDAr activation was not affected or even increased in female 3-hit mice, revealing a sexual dimorphism. Considering that the regulation of LTP is more prone to inhibitory tone if triggered by TBS than by HFS, the weaker potentiation in 3-hit mice suggests a deficiency of intrinsic GABA regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, NMDAr activation was increased by GABAA receptor blockade in wild-type but not in 3-hit mice. This electrophysiological study highlights dysregulations of functional properties and plasticity in hippocampal networks of 3-hit mice, one of the mechanisms suspected to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It also shows differences between males and females, supporting the sexual dimorphism observed in the disorder. Combined with the previously reported study, the present data reinforce the face validity of the 3-hit model that will help to consider new therapeutic strategies for psychosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1615148443000},"page":"2644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Functional Dysregulations in CA1 Hippocampal Networks of a 3-Hit Mouse Model of Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1540-6201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solenn","family":"Percelay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Universit\u00e9, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Billard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Universit\u00e9, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4446-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Freret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Universit\u00e9, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4022-6405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Andrieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Boulouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Universit\u00e9, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0857-2295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentine","family":"Bouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, CHU Caen, Normandie Universit\u00e9, 14000 Caen, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(91)90039-T","article-title":"Cognitive functioning and positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Addington","year":"1991","journal-title":"Schizophr. 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