{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:23Z","timestamp":1787028443384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uveal melanoma (UM) is a malignant tumor that arises in the melanocytes of the uveal tract. It is the most frequent eye cancer, and despite new therapeutic approaches, prognosis is still poor, with up to 50% of patients developing metastasis with no efficient treatment options available. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, UM is considered an \u201cimmune-cold\u201d tumor due to the low mutational burden and the unique immunosuppressive microenvironment. To gain insight into the role of the UM microenvironment in regard to prognosis and metastatic progression, we have performed a pool analysis characterizing the UM microenvironment by using a bioinformatic approach. A variety of scores based on gene expression measuring stromal infiltration were calculated and used to assess association with prognosis. As a result, the highest immune and stromal scores were associated with poor prognosis. Specifically, stromal cells (fibroblasts and endothelial cells), T cells CD8+, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages M1 and M2 infiltration were associated with poor prognosis. Contrary to other tumors, lymphocytic infiltration is related to poor prognosis. Only B cells were associated with more favorable prognosis. UM samples scoring high in both angiogenesis (Angio) and antigen presentation (AP) pathways showed a poor prognosis suggesting an additive role of both functions. Almost all these tumors exhibited a chromosome 3 monosomy. Finally, an enrichment analysis showed that tumors classified as high Angio-high AP also activated metabolic pathways such as glycolysis or PI3K-AKT-MTOR. In summary, our pool analysis identified a cluster of samples with angiogenic and inflammatory phenotypes exhibiting poor prognosis and metabolic activation. Our analysis showed robust results replicated in a pool analysis merging different datasets from different analytic platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1615148443000},"page":"2669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Additive Role of Immune System Infiltration and Angiogenesis in Uveal Melanoma Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4931-1267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mulero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Henar","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9017-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis P.","family":"del Carpio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Sanz-Pamplona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Piulats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Clinical Research in Solid Tumors Group (CREST), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309034","article-title":"Metastatic Disease from Uveal Melanoma: Treatment Options and Future Prospects","volume":"101","author":"Carvajal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. 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