{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T09:26:17Z","timestamp":1781083577370,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2017R1D1A3B03035303 for YSG and 2018R1A5A2025272 (MSIT) for BHL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A3B03035303 for YSG and 2018R1A5A2025272 (MSIT) for BHL"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In the present study, we examined superoxide-mediated excitatory nociceptive transmission on at-level neuropathic pain following spinal thoracic 10 contusion injury (SCI) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Mechanical sensitivity at body trunk, neuronal firing activity, and expression of superoxide marker\/ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs)\/CamKII were measured in the T7\/8 dorsal horn, respectively. Results: Topical treatment of superoxide donor t-BOOH (0.4 mg\/kg) increased neuronal firing rates and pCamKII expression in the na\u00efve group, whereas superoxide scavenger Tempol (1 mg\/kg) and non-specific ROS scavenger PBN (3 mg\/kg) decreased firing rates in the SCI group (* p &lt; 0.05). SCI showed increases of iGluRs-mediated neuronal firing rates and pCamKII expression (* p &lt; 0.05); however, t-BOOH treatment did not show significant changes in the na\u00efve group. The mechanical sensitivity at the body trunk in the SCI group (6.2 \u00b1 0.5) was attenuated by CamKII inhibitor KN-93 (50 \u03bcg, 3.9 \u00b1 0.4) or Tempol (1 mg, 4 \u00b1 0.4) treatment (* p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the level of superoxide marker Dhet showed significant increase in SCI rats compared to the sham group (11.7 \u00b1 1.7 vs. 6.6 \u00b1 1.5, * p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Superoxide and the pCamKII pathway contribute to chronic at-level neuropathic pain without involvement of iGluRs following SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1615148443000},"page":"2672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Roles of Superoxide on At-Level Spinal Cord Injury Pain in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bong Hyo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea"},{"name":"Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5594-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonghoon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7548-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young S.","family":"Gwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712803251476","article-title":"Developing ROS scavenging agents for pharmacological purposes: Recent advances in design of manganese-based complexes with anti-inflammatory and anti- nociceptive activity","volume":"19","author":"Bani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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