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Recent evidence has suggested that post-TBI neuroinflammation is responsible for several long-term clinical consequences, including hypopituitarism. This review aims to summarize current evidence on TBI-induced neuroinflammation and its potential role in determining hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1615148443000},"page":"2686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Neuroinflammation and Hypothalamo-Pituitary Dysfunction: Focus of Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Mele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9376-4699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Pingue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Zavattaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9660-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Prodam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9547-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Nardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB, Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Aimaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3215-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Marzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital \u201cMaggiore della Carit\u00e0\u201d, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of General Medicine, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Oggebbio (VB), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70164-9","article-title":"Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults","volume":"7","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01178","article-title":"Brain-Immune Interactions and Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"13","author":"Dinet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170613083606","article-title":"Recent Advances in Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"16","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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