{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:03:21Z","timestamp":1792789401876,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Egyptian Cultural Center and Education bureau in London","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the current literature associates polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with chronic inflammation, the evidence for this link remains inconclusive and its causal nature remains unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the inflammatory status in PCOS women and to determine whether it is related to PCOS or to its associated adiposity. We searched electronic databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and MEDLINE, SCOPUS, DynaMed plus, TRIP, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library, for studies investigating C-reactive protein (CRP) and other inflammatory makers in PCOS women versus healthy controls. Quality and risk of bias for selected studies were assessed using the modified Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale. CRP data were extracted and pooled using RevMan for calculation of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Eighty-five eligible studies were included in the systematic review, of which 63 were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of the 63 studies revealed significantly higher circulating CRP in PCOS women (n = 4086) versus controls (n = 3120) (SMD 1.26, 95%CI, 0.99, 1.53). Sensitivity meta-analysis of 35 high quality studies including non-obese women showed significantly higher circulating CRP in PCOS women versus controls (SMD 1.80, 95%CI, 1.36, 2.25). In conclusion, circulating CRP is moderately elevated in PCOS women independent of obesity, which is indicative of low-grade chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T23:04:39Z","timestamp":1615244679000},"page":"2734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":233,"title":["The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shaimaa","family":"Aboeldalyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathryn","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Library &amp; Knowledge Service, Derby DE22 3NT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emaduldin","family":"Seyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad Moussa","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossam El-Din","family":"Shawki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Minia, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8321-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saad","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","article-title":"The Prevalence and Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in an Unselected Population","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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