{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:29:07Z","timestamp":1772537347041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA205941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA205941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA225520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA225520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity, diabetes, and inflammation increase the risk of breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women. One of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment and improving outcomes is early detection through imaging-based screening. There may be a role for individualized imaging strategies for patients with certain co-morbidities. Herein, we review the literature regarding the accuracy of conventional imaging modalities in obese and diabetic women, the potential role of anti-inflammatory agents to improve detection, and the novel molecular imaging techniques that may have a role for breast cancer screening in these patients. We demonstrate that with conventional imaging modalities, increased sensitivity often comes with a loss of specificity, resulting in unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. Obese women have body size limitations that impair image quality, and diabetes increases the risk for dense breast tis-sue. Increased density is known to obscure the diagnosis of cancer on routine screening mammography. Novel molecu-lar imaging agents with targets such as estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), pyrimi-dine analogues, and ligand-targeted receptor probes, among others, have potential to reduce false positive results. They can also improve detection rates with increased resolution and inform therapeutic decision making. These emerg-ing imaging techniques promise to improve breast cancer diagnosis in obese patients with diabetes who have dense breasts, but more work is needed to validate their clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T06:22:32Z","timestamp":1615270952000},"page":"2757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Diabetes, Obesity, and Inflammation: Impact on Clinical and Radiographic Features of Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Braden","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hunter","family":"Chalfant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Wellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Henson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73105, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly W.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Grizzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lacey R.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70263-3","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness","volume":"15","author":"Diakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"436","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Mantovani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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