{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T14:29:43Z","timestamp":1792074583469,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A2B4010634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B4010634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI18C1038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C1038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been recognized as being important in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate whether regional BBB integrity differed according to sex and whether differences in BBB integrity changed as a consequence of aging or cognitive decline, using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 75 participants with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underwent cognitive assessments and MRI examination including DCE-MRI. Regional Ktrans was calculated in cortical regions and the Patlak permeability model was used to calculate BBB permeability (Ktrans, min\u22121). Females had a lower median Ktrans in the cingulate and occipital cortices. In the \u201colder old\u201d group, sex differences in Ktrans were only observed in the occipital cortex. In the MCI group, sex differences in Ktrans were only observed in the occipital cortex. Age was the only predictor of cognitive assessment scores in the male MCI group; however, educational years and Ktrans in the occipital cortex could predict cognitive scores in the female MCI group. Our study revealed that females may have better BBB integrity in cingulate and occipital cortices. We also found that sex-related differences in BBB integrity are attenuated with aging or cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1615493860000},"page":"2860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Sex-Related Differences in Regional Blood\u2013Brain Barrier Integrity in Non-Demented Elderly Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7770-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonsil","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changmok","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeahoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Jin","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1289","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710329115","article-title":"Tau induces blood vessel abnormalities and angiogenesis-related gene expression in P301L transgenic mice and human Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Bennett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 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