{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:56:59Z","timestamp":1789790219417,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":328,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T22:13:10Z","timestamp":1615759990000},"page":"2911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4892-9666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Kreps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina L.","family":"Addison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"The Bone Marrow Vascular Niche: Home of HSC Differentiation and Mobilization","volume":"20","author":"Kopp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.47","article-title":"Bone marrow and the control of immunity","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. 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