{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T08:52:50Z","timestamp":1771750370595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry for Health &amp; Welfare Affairs","award":["HI18C1999"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C1999"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to the occurrence of more than two failed in vitro fertilization\u2013embryo transfers (IVF-ETs) in the same individual. RIF can occur for many reasons, including embryo characteristics, immunological factors, and coagulation factors. Genetics can also contribute to RIF, with some single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) reported to be associated with RIF occurrence. We examined SNVs in a long non-coding RNA, homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), which is known to affect cancer development. HOTAIR regulates epigenetic outcomes through histone modifications and chromatin remodeling. We recruited 155 female RIF patients and 330 healthy controls, and genotyped HOTAIR SNVs, including rs4759314, rs920778, rs7958904, and rs1899663, in all participants. Differences in these SNVs were compared between the patient and control groups. We identified significant differences in the occurrence of heterozygous genotypes and the dominant expression model for the rs1899663 and rs7958904 SNVs between RIF patients and control subjects. These HOTAIR variants were associated with serum hemoglobin (Hgb), luteinizing hormone (LH), total cholesterol (T. chol), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, as assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). We analyzed the four HOTAIR SNVs and found significant differences in haplotype patterns between RIF patients and healthy controls. The results of this study showed that HOTAIR is not only associated with the development of cancer but also with pregnancy-associated diseases. This study represents the first report showing that HOTAIR is correlated with RIF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T12:01:02Z","timestamp":1615896062000},"page":"3021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between HOX Transcript Antisense RNA Single-Nucleotide Variants and Recurrent Implantation Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jeong Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Hee","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Sik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0541-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nam Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.12.006","article-title":"What exactly do we mean by \u2018recurrent implantation failure\u2019? 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