{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:24:59Z","timestamp":1782746699529,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We are conducting a clinical study of the use of allogeneic polydactyly-derived chondrocyte sheets (PD sheets) for the repair of articular cartilage damage caused by osteoarthritis. However, the transplantation of PD sheets requires highly invasive surgery. To establish a less invasive treatment, we are currently developing injectable fragments of PD sheets (PD sheets-mini). Polydactyly-derived chondrocytes were seeded in RepCell\u2122 or conventional temperature-responsive inserts and cultured. Cell counts and viability, histology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and flow cytometry were used to characterize PD sheets-mini and PD sheets collected from each culture. To examine the effects of injection on cell viability, PD sheets-mini were tested in four experimental conditions: non-injection control, 18 gauge (G) needle, 23G needle, and syringe only. PD sheets-mini produced similar amounts of humoral factors as PD sheets. No histological differences were observed between PD sheets and PD sheets-mini. Except for COL2A1, expression of cartilage-related genes did not differ between the two types of PD sheet. No significant differences were observed between injection conditions. PD sheets-mini have characteristics that resemble PD sheets. The cell viability of PD sheets-mini was not significantly affected by needle gauge size. Intra-articular injection may be a feasible, less invasive method to transplant PD sheets-mini.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T22:00:37Z","timestamp":1616364037000},"page":"3198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Development of Injectable Polydactyly-Derived Chondrocyte Sheets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7277-4716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiho","family":"Wasai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0217-1324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Maehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoka","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Akamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9038-0446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4049-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masato","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Articular Cartilage: Tissue Design and Chondrocyte-Matrix Interactions","volume":"47","author":"Buckwalter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Instr. 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