{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:51:59Z","timestamp":1792291919989,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge on the mechanisms of acid and base secretion in airways has progressed recently. The aim of this review is to summarize the known mechanisms of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH regulation and their implication in lung diseases. Normal ASL is slightly acidic relative to the interstitium, and defects in ASL pH regulation are associated with various respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. Basolateral bicarbonate (HCO3\u2212) entry occurs via the electrogenic, coupled transport of sodium (Na+) and HCO3\u2212, and, together with carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity, provides HCO3\u2212 for apical secretion. The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride\/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport. Proton (H+) secretion into ASL is crucial to maintain its relative acidity compared to the blood. This is enabled by H+ apical secretion, mainly involving H+\/K+ ATPase and vacuolar H+-ATPase that carry H+ against the electrochemical potential gradient. Paracellular HCO3\u2212 transport, the direction of which depends on the ASL pH value, acts as an ASL protective buffering mechanism. How the transepithelial transport of H+ and HCO3\u2212 is coordinated to tightly regulate ASL pH remains poorly understood, and should be the focus of new studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"3384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Airway Surface Liquid pH Regulation in Airway Epithelium Current Understandings and Gaps in Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Zajac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Dreano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle","family":"Planelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie r\u00e9nale et Tubulopathies, CNRS ERL 8228, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Sermet-Gaudelus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies de CFTR, H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Network, European Cystic Fibrosis Society, BT2 Belfast, Ireland"},{"name":"European Respiratory Network Lung, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465810396539","article-title":"The airway epithelium: More than just a structural barrier","volume":"5","author":"Tam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther. 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