{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:28Z","timestamp":1787028448349,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011645","name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KMUH108-8M15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMUH108-8M15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by clonal plasma\u2013cell proliferation. The survival and prognosis of this condition have been significantly improved by treatment with active anti-MM drugs such as bortezomib or lenalidomide. Further, the discovery of novel agents has recently paved the way for new areas of investigation. However, MM, including myeloma-related bone diseases, remains fatal. Bone disease or bone destruction in MM is a consequence of skeletal involvement with bone pain, spinal cord compression, and bone fracture resulting from osteolytic lesions. These consequences affect disease outcomes, including patients\u2019 quality of life and survival. Several studies have sought to better understand MM bone disease (MBD) through the classification of its molecular mechanisms, including osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Bisphosphonates and the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) ligand (RANKL) inhibitor, denosumab, prevent skeletal-related events in MM. In addition, several other bone-targeting agents, including bone-anabolic drugs, are currently used in preclinical and early clinical evaluations. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of MBD and discusses novel agents that appear very promising and will soon enter clinical development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"3389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Management of Myeloma Bone Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeng-Shiun","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hung","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"National Natural Product Libraries and High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Mu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Hua","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0397-5","article-title":"Myeloma and Bone Disease","volume":"15","author":"Panaroni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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