{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:47:34Z","timestamp":1793411254652,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KAKENHI","award":["B, 18H02959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B, 18H02959"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In an intraocular inflammatory state, microglia residing in the retina become active and migrate inside the retina. In this study, we investigated whether cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) expressed by retinal microglia\/macrophage can be a biomarker for the diagnosis of retinal diseases. COX-1 was immunopositive in microglia\/macrophage and neutrophils, while COX-2 was immunopositive in astrocytes and neurons in the inner layer of normal retina. The number of COX-1 positive cells per section of the retinal tissue was 14 \u00b1 2.8 (mean \u00b1 standard deviation) in normal mice, which showed significant increase in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-administrated model (62 \u00b1 5.0, p = 8.7 \u00d7 10\u22129). In addition to microglia, we found neutrophils that were positive for COX-1. In the early stage of inflammation in the experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), COX-1 positive cells, infiltrating from the ciliary body into the retinal outer nuclear layer, were observed. The number of infiltrating COX-1 positive cells correlated with the severity of EAU. Taken together, the increased number of COX-1 positive microglia\/macrophage with morphological changes were observed in the retinas of retinal inflammatory disease models. This suggests that COX-1 can be a marker of disease-related activities of microglia\/macrophage, which should be useful for the diagnosis of retinal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"3396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dynamics of Cyclooxygenase-1 Positive Microglia\/Macrophage in the Retina of Pathological Model Mice as a Biomarker of the Retinal Inflammatory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5514-3824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenichi","family":"Makabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, 3-11-15 Shinoharakitamachi, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-0068, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunao","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Futatsugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayo","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augusto-Oliveira, M., Arrifano, G.P., Lopes-Araujo, A., Santos-Sacramento, L., Takeda, P.Y., Anthony, D.C., Malva, J.O., and Crespo-Lopez, M.E. 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