{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:07:02Z","timestamp":1779293222297,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HO2002\/20-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HO2002\/20-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The retinal ganglion cells (RGC) may be considered an easily accessible pathophysiological site of degenerative processes in neurological diseases, such as the RGC damage detectable in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with (HON) and without a history of optic neuritis (NON). We aimed to assess and interrelate RGC functional and structural damage in different retinal layers and retinal sites. We included 12 NON patients, 11 HON patients and 14 healthy controls for cross-sectional multifocal pattern electroretinography (mfPERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. Amplitude and peak times of the mfPERG were assessed. Macula and disc OCT scans were acquired to determine macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness. In both HON and NON patients the foveal N2 amplitude of the mfPERG was reduced compared to controls. The parafoveal P1 peak time was significantly reduced in HON only. For OCT, parafoveal (pfGCL) and perifoveal (pGCL) ganglion cell layer thicknesses were decreased in HON vs. controls, while pRNFL in the papillomacular bundle sector (PMB) showed reductions in both NON and HON. As the mfPERG derived N2 originates from RGC axons, these findings suggest foveal axonal dysfunction not only in HON, but also in NON patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T06:59:42Z","timestamp":1616741982000},"page":"3419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Structure\u2013Function Relationship of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Khaldoon","family":"Al-Nosairy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Horbr\u00fcgger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6804-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Schippling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging in Neuro-Immunological Diseases (MINDS), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiden","family":"Haghikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Pawlitzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6452-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J.G., Feng, Y.F., Xiang, Y., Huang, J.H., Savini, G., Parisi, V., Yang, W.J., and Fu, X.A. 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