{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:39:57Z","timestamp":1790782797161,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CXCL16 is a chemotactic cytokine belonging to the \u03b1-chemokine subfamily. It plays a significant role in the progression of cancer, as well as the course of atherosclerosis, renal fibrosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Since there has been no review paper discussing the importance of this chemokine in various diseases, we have collected all available knowledge about CXCL16 in this review. In the first part of the paper, we discuss background information about CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6. Next, we focus on the importance of CXCL16 in a variety of diseases, with an emphasis on cancer. We discuss the role of CXCL16 in tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Next, we describe the role of CXCL16 in the tumor microenvironment, including involvement in angiogenesis, and its significance in tumor-associated cells (cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF), microglia, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Treg)). Finally, we focus on the antitumor properties of CXCL16, which are mainly caused by natural killer T (NKT) cells. At the end of the article, we summarize the importance of CXCL16 in cancer therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]],"date-time":"2021-03-28T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1616969341000},"page":"3490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["The Role of CXCL16 in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Other Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1642-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Korbecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72 Av., Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8235-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Bajdak-Rusinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyk\u00f3w 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0756-6483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kupnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72 Av., Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kapczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72 Av., Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8517-0364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donata","family":"Simi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72 Av., Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72 Av., Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Baranowska-Bosiacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72 Av., Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-3962","article-title":"The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression","volume":"79","author":"Hinshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14466","article-title":"A guide to chemokines and their receptors","volume":"285","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.3.1018","article-title":"A human T cell-specific molecule is a member of a new gene family","volume":"141","author":"Schall","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.3.1411","article-title":"Alternative macrophage activation-associated CC-chemokine-1, a novel structural homologue of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha with a Th2-associated expression pattern","volume":"160","author":"Kodelja","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Do, H.T.T., Lee, C.H., and Cho, J. (2020). Chemokines and their Receptors: Multifaceted Roles in Cancer Progression and Potential Value as Cancer Prognostic Markers. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12020287"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/79738","article-title":"A transmembrane CXC chemokine is a ligand for HIV-coreceptor Bonzo","volume":"1","author":"Matloubian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5145","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.8.5145","article-title":"Expression cloning of the STRL33\/BONZO\/TYMSTRligand reveals elements of CC, CXC, and CX3C chemokines","volume":"166","author":"Wilbanks","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40663","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000761200","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a novel scavenger receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein, SR-PSOX, on macrophages","volume":"275","author":"Shimaoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0709482","article-title":"An alternatively spliced CXCL16 isoform expressed by dendritic cells is a secreted chemoattractant for CXCR6+ cells","volume":"87","author":"Verweij","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.6.3781","article-title":"Ultrastructure and function of the fractalkine mucin domain in CX(3)C chemokine domain presentation","volume":"275","author":"Fong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.4.1647","article-title":"Cutting edge: SR-PSOX\/CXC chemokine ligand 16 mediates bacterial phagocytosis by APCs through its chemokine domain","volume":"171","author":"Shimaoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003465","article-title":"Cell surface-anchored SR-PSOX\/CXC chemokine ligand 16 mediates firm adhesion of CXC chemokine receptor 6-expressing cells","volume":"75","author":"Shimaoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6362","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.6362","article-title":"The transmembrane CXC-chemokine ligand 16 is induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and shed by the activity of the disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM10","volume":"172","author":"Abel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.023","article-title":"Tumoural CXCL16 expression is a novel prognostic marker of longer survival times in renal cell cancer patients","volume":"45","author":"Gutwein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.04.100","article-title":"Sequential processing of the transmembrane chemokines CX3CL1 and CXCL16 by alpha- and gamma-secretases","volume":"358","author":"Schulte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080960","article-title":"CXCL16 is expressed in podocytes and acts as a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein","volume":"174","author":"Gutwein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.03.088","article-title":"The role of CXCL16 and its processing metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the proliferation and migration of human mesangial cells","volume":"370","author":"Schramme","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxm083","article-title":"CXCL16 is a novel mediator of the innate immunity of epidermal keratinocytes","volume":"19","author":"Tohyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1204733","article-title":"Distribution and kinetics of SR-PSOX\/CXCL16 and CXCR6 expression on human dendritic cell subsets and CD4+ T cells","volume":"77","author":"Tabata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.021","article-title":"SR-PSOX at sites predisposed to atherosclerotic lesion formation mediates monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion","volume":"217","author":"Hofnagel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-016-0149-7","article-title":"\u201cInverse signaling\u201d of the transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 contributes to proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in cultured human meningioma cells","volume":"14","author":"Hattermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamski, V., Mentlein, R., Lucius, R., Synowitz, M., Held-Feindt, J., and Hattermann, K. (2017). The Chemokine Receptor CXCR6 Evokes Reverse Signaling via the Transmembrane Chemokine CXCL16. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071468"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10820","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10820","article-title":"Transmembrane chemokines act as receptors in a novel mechanism termed inverse signaling","volume":"5","author":"Hattermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118776797","article-title":"Activation of the CXCL16\/CXCR6 Axis by TNF-\u03b1 Contributes to Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells Migration and Invasion","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koenen, A., Babendreyer, A., Schumacher, J., Pasqualon, T., Schwarz, N., Seifert, A., Deupi, X., Ludwig, A., and Dreymueller, D. (2017). The DRF motif of CXCR6 as chemokine receptor adaptation to adhesion. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173486"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311660200","article-title":"CXCL16 signals via Gi, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, I kappa B kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B and induces cell-cell adhesion and aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"279","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2018.07.009","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages promote the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma cells by enhancing CXCL16\/CXCR6 expression","volume":"214","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.906230","article-title":"High CXC Chemokine Ligand 16 (CXCL16) Expression Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Lung Cancer via Regulating the NF-\u03baB Pathway","volume":"24","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10367","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2780","article-title":"CXCR6 induces prostate cancer progression by the AKT\/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106035","article-title":"CXCL16\/CXCR6 axis promotes bleomycin-induced fibrotic process in MRC-5 cells via the PI3K\/AKT\/FOXO3a pathway","volume":"81","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14165","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3690","article-title":"CXCL16\/CXCR6 chemokine signaling mediates breast cancer progression by pERK1\/2-dependent mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-4032","article-title":"CXCR6 upregulation contributes to a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment that drives metastasis and poor patient outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"72","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/039463201402700411","article-title":"Blockade of the CXCR6 signaling inhibits growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through inhibition of the VEGF expression","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.10.160","article-title":"The chemokine and scavenger receptor CXCL16\/SR-PSOX is expressed in human vascular smooth muscle cells and is induced by interferon gamma","volume":"325","author":"Olofsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3099","article-title":"Radiation-induced CXCL16 release by breast cancer cells attracts effector T cells","volume":"181","author":"Matsumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4989-8_47","article-title":"Alteration of the inflammatory molecule network after irradiation of soft tissue","volume":"765","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0977","article-title":"Hypoxia-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induces an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Metastasis","volume":"76","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4520","article-title":"CXCL16 induces angiogenesis in autocrine signaling pathway involving hypoxia-inducible factor 1\u03b1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.11.2015","article-title":"STRL33, A novel chemokine receptor-like protein, functions as a fusion cofactor for both macrophage-tropic and T cell line-tropic HIV-1","volume":"185","author":"Liao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.1.41.013k53_41_49","article-title":"Expression and coreceptor activity of STRL33\/Bonzo on primary peripheral blood lymphocytes","volume":"96","author":"Sharron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.6.3284","article-title":"The primate lentiviral receptor Bonzo\/STRL33 is coordinately regulated with CCR5 and its expression pattern is conserved between human and mouse","volume":"165","author":"Unutmaz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11902","article-title":"Bonzo\/CXCR6 expression defines type 1-polarized T-cell subsets with extralymphoid tissue homing potential","volume":"107","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1A0314-170R","article-title":"The chemotaxis of M1 and M2 macrophages is regulated by different chemokines","volume":"97","author":"Xuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2008.03.009","article-title":"The chemokine CXCL16 induces migration and invasion of glial precursor cells via its receptor CXCR6","volume":"39","author":"Hattermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.115.099960","article-title":"Selectivity in the Use of Gi\/o Proteins Is Determined by the DRF Motif in CXCR6 and Is Cell-Type Specific","volume":"88","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.112.276444","article-title":"The inflammatory chemokine CXC motif ligand 16 triggers platelet activation and adhesion via CXC motif receptor 6-dependent phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase\/Akt signaling","volume":"111","author":"Borst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37981","article-title":"Evidence that CXCL16 is a potent mediator of angiogenesis and is involved in endothelial progenitor cell chemotaxis: Studies in mice with K\/BxN serum-induced arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Isozaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678474","article-title":"CXCR6 promotes atherosclerosis by supporting T-cell homing, interferon-gamma production, and macrophage accumulation in the aortic wall","volume":"116","author":"Galkina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03966.x","article-title":"Expression of scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX) in human atheroma","volume":"947","author":"Minami","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.540583","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the scavenger receptor and chemokine CXCL16 accelerates atherosclerosis","volume":"114","author":"Aslanian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1802","article-title":"Activation of the CXCL16\/CXCR6 pathway promotes lipid deposition in fatty livers of apolipoprotein E knockout mice and HepG2 cells","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00762","article-title":"CXC Motif Ligand 16 Promotes Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression via Hepatocyte-Stellate Cell Crosstalk","volume":"103","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.11.020","article-title":"CXCR6 protects from inflammation and fibrosis in NEMOLPC-KO mice","volume":"1865","author":"Liepelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i32.4979","article-title":"CXCL16 participates in pathogenesis of immunological liver injury by regulating T lymphocyte infiltration in liver tissue","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202909","article-title":"Chemokine receptor CXCR6-dependent hepatic NK T Cell accumulation promotes inflammation and liver fibrosis","volume":"190","author":"Wehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wehr, A., Baeck, C., Ulmer, F., Gassler, N., Hittatiya, K., Luedde, T., Neumann, U.P., Trautwein, C., and Tacke, F. (2014). Pharmacological inhibition of the chemokine CXCL16 diminishes liver macrophage infiltration and steatohepatitis in chronic hepatic injury. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112327"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4007-4016.2005","article-title":"Involvement of up-regulated CXC chemokine ligand 16\/scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein in endotoxin-induced lethal liver injury via regulation of T-cell recruitment and adhesion","volume":"73","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2051","article-title":"Cutting edge: Critical role of CXCL16\/CXCR6 in NKT cell trafficking in allograft tolerance","volume":"175","author":"Jiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.277","article-title":"Role for CXCR6 in recruitment of activated CD8+ lymphocytes to inflamed liver","volume":"174","author":"Sato","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010080881","article-title":"CXCL16 recruits bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors in renal fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.64","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR6 contributes to recruitment of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors in renal fibrosis","volume":"86","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.007","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CXCR6 controls the functional topography of interleukin-22 producing intestinal innate lymphoid cells","volume":"41","author":"Serafini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.221879","article-title":"SR-PSOX\/CXCL16 plays a critical role in the progression of colonic inflammation","volume":"60","author":"Uza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandai, Y., Takahashi, D., Hase, K., Obata, Y., Furusawa, Y., Ebisawa, M., Nakagawa, T., Sato, T., Katsuno, T., and Saito, Y. (2013). Distinct Roles for CXCR6+ and CXCR6\u2212 CD4+ T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Colitis. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065488"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/40894","article-title":"Expression cloning of new receptors used by simian and human immunodeficiency viruses","volume":"388","author":"Deng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1089\/088922201750063133","article-title":"HIV type 1 molecular clones able to use the Bonzo\/STRL-33 coreceptor for virus entry","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1686-1700.2005","article-title":"CCR5, GPR15, and CXCR6 are major coreceptors of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 variants isolated from individuals with and without plasma viremia","volume":"79","author":"Blaak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1086\/655782","article-title":"Multiple-cohort genetic association study reveals CXCR6 as a new chemokine receptor involved in long-term nonprogression to AIDS","volume":"202","author":"Limou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.04.006","article-title":"CXCR6 gene characterization in two ethnically distinct South African populations and association with viraemic disease control in HIV-1-infected black South African individuals","volume":"180","author":"Picton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.11.031","article-title":"Transcriptomics and Targeted Proteomics Analysis to Gain Insights Into the Immune-control Mechanisms of HIV-1 Infected Elite Controllers","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363950","article-title":"Genetic influence of CXCR6 chemokine receptor alleles on PCP-mediated AIDS progression among African Americans","volume":"4","author":"Duggal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.0248","article-title":"Polymorphisms of Cx(3)CR1 and CXCR6 receptors in relation to HAART therapy of HIV type 1 patients","volume":"23","author":"Passam","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02207.x","article-title":"CXCL16 in HIV infection\u2014A link between inflammation and viral replication","volume":"39","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.04.006","article-title":"The CXCL16-CXCR6 chemokine axis in glial tumors","volume":"260","author":"Hattermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, W., Liu, Y., Zhou, W., Si, L., and Ren, L. (2014). CXCL16 and CXCR6 are coexpressed in human lung cancer in vivo and mediate the invasion of lung cancer cell lines in vitro. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099056"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hald, S.M., Kiselev, Y., Al-Saad, S., Richardsen, E., Johannessen, C., Eilertsen, M., Kilvaer, T.K., Al-Shibli, K., Andersen, S., and Busund, L.T. (2015). Prognostic impact of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in non-small cell lung cancer: Combined high CXCL16 expression in tumor stroma and cancer cells yields improved survival. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1446-z"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9985","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3194","article-title":"CXCR6 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma supports metastatic process via modulating metalloproteinases","volume":"6","author":"Mir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2522","article-title":"CXC chemokine ligand 16, inversely correlated with CD99 expression in Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells, is widely expressed in diverse types of lymphomas","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8811","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-3595-8","article-title":"MEK inhibitor diminishes nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell growth and NPC-induced osteoclastogenesis via modulating CCL2 and CXCL16 expressions","volume":"36","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23082","article-title":"Knockdown of Notch1 inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth and metastasis via downregulation of CCL2, CXCL16, and uPA","volume":"58","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095","article-title":"The cBio cancer genomics portal: An open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data","volume":"2","author":"Cerami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pl1","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","article-title":"Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darash-Yahana, M., Gillespie, J.W., Hewitt, S.M., Chen, Y.Y., Maeda, S., Stein, I., Singh, S.P., Bedolla, R.B., Peled, A., and Troyer, D.A. (2009). The chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, as markers and promoters of inflammation-associated cancers. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006695"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.011","article-title":"LPS induces CXCL16 expression in HUVECs through the miR-146a-mediated TLR4 pathway","volume":"69","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouaguia, L., Moral\u00e8s, O., Aoudjehane, L., Wychowski, C., Kumar, A., Dubuisson, J., Calmus, Y., Conti, F., and Delhem, N. (2019). Hepatitis C Virus Improves Human Tregs Suppressive Function and Promotes Their Recruitment to the Liver. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101296"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13487","article-title":"C-C chemokine receptor type 1 mediates osteopontin-promoted metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"109","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.009","article-title":"Loss of Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Promotes Growth of KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumors in Mice by Activating PI3K Signaling and Overexpression of CXCL16","volume":"148","author":"Duluc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0660OC","article-title":"Blockade of the Complement C5a\/C5aR1 Axis Impairs Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis by CXCL16-mediated Effects","volume":"197","author":"Ajona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2811-2","article-title":"MiR-451 inhibits cell growth and invasion by targeting CXCL16 and is associated with prognosis of osteosarcoma patients","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S213168","article-title":"miR-873-5p Inhibits Cell Migration and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Cancer via Regulation of CXCL16","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1159\/000443033","article-title":"MicroRNA-361-5p Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting CXCR6 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604180","article-title":"Functional epigenomics approach to identify methylated candidate tumour suppressor genes in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"98","author":"Morris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478641","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/478641","article-title":"Chemokine CXCL16 expression suppresses migration and invasiveness and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells","volume":"2014","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12871","article-title":"Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in mesenchymal stem cells promotes proliferation of gastric cancer cells by activating CXCL16-CXCR6 axis","volume":"107","author":"Takiguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14339","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived CXCL16 promotes progression of gastric cancer cells by STAT3-mediated expression of Ror1","volume":"111","author":"Ikeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.12.117","article-title":"Tumor-conditioned Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells induce angiogenesis through the synergistic action of CCL2 and CXCL16 in vitro","volume":"443","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-017-0008-8","article-title":"Human brain metastatic stroma attracts breast cancer cells via chemokines CXCL16 and CXCL12","volume":"3","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S518","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1993-8","article-title":"Soluble CXCL16 in preoperative serum is a novel prognostic marker and predicts recurrence of liver metastases in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"19","author":"Matsushita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02750","article-title":"CXCL16\/CXCR6 Axis Drives Microglia\/Macrophages Phenotype in Physiological Conditions and Plays a Crucial Role in Glioma","volume":"9","author":"Lepore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taghizadeh, R., Noh, M., Huh, Y.H., Ciusani, E., Sigalotti, L., Maio, M., Arosio, B., Nicotra, M.R., Natali, P., and Sherley, J.L. (2010). CXCR6, a newly defined biomarker of tissue-specific stem cell asymmetric self-renewal, identifies more aggressive human melanoma cancer stem cells. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015183"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20651","article-title":"Overexpression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6\/Bonzo promotes growth of human schwannomas","volume":"56","author":"Rehmke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2017.5598","article-title":"CXCR6 predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer and promotes tumor metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"37","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.11.001","article-title":"CXCR6 promotes tumor cell proliferation and metastasis in osteosarcoma through the Akt pathway","volume":"311","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15464","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15464","article-title":"Overshoot during phenotypic switching of cancer cell populations","volume":"5","author":"Sellerio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11154","article-title":"Soluble CXCL16 promotes TNF-\u03b1-induced apoptosis in DLBCL via the AMAD10-NF-\u03baB regulatory feedback loop","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"297","article-title":"Expression and potential function of the CXC chemokine CXCL16 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Wente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S105245","article-title":"The roles of serum CXCL16 in circulating Tregs and gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells","volume":"9","author":"Xing","year":"2016","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.06.013","article-title":"The prognostic significance of CXCL16 and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor 6 in prostate cancer","volume":"185","author":"Richardsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kee, J.Y., Ito, A., Hojo, S., Hashimoto, I., Igarashi, Y., Tsuneyama, K., Tsukada, K., Irimura, T., Shibahara, N., and Takasaki, I. (2014). CXCL16 suppresses liver metastasis of colorectal cancer by promoting TNF-\u03b1-induced apoptosis by tumor-associated macrophages. BMC Cancer, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-949"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.01.029","article-title":"Chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 6 contributes to cell migration during hypoxia","volume":"279","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2014.922202","article-title":"Escin suppresses migration and invasion involving the alteration of CXCL16\/CXCR6 axis in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2053","article-title":"Chemokine receptor expression profiles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their association with metastasis and radiotherapy","volume":"210","author":"Ou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38766-6","article-title":"Higher CXCL16 exodomain is associated with aggressive ovarian cancer and promotes the disease by CXCR6 activation and MMP modulation","volume":"9","author":"Mir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0196","article-title":"CXCL16 signaling mediated macrophage effects on tumor invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"23","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00833.x","article-title":"CXCR6 is expressed in human prostate cancer in vivo and is involved in the in vitro invasion of PC3 and LNCap cells","volume":"99","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-0277","article-title":"CXCL16 functions as a novel chemotactic factor for prostate cancer cells in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7343","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6944","article-title":"CXCR6-CXCL16 axis promotes prostate cancer by mediating cytoskeleton rearrangement via Ezrin activation and \u03b1v\u03b23 integrin clustering","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632015584502","article-title":"Blockade of CXCR6 reduces invasive potential of gastric cancer cells through inhibition of AKT signaling","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-007-0392-2","article-title":"CXCR5 may be involved in the attraction of human metastatic neuroblastoma cells to the bone marrow","volume":"57","author":"Airoldi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-32-51","article-title":"Vascular endothelial cells facilitated HCC invasion and metastasis through the Akt and NF-\u03baB pathways induced by paracrine cytokines","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0763-x","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in tumorigenesis: An evolving paradigm","volume":"68","author":"Hua","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2017.02.005","article-title":"Biochemical and Biological Attributes of Matrix Metalloproteinases","volume":"147","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"5224","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP2) induce the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ovarian carcinoma cells: Implications for ascites formation","volume":"63","author":"Belotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.06.031","article-title":"VEGF release by MMP-9 mediated heparan sulphate cleavage induces colorectal cancer angiogenesis","volume":"44","author":"Hawinkels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.012.10063","article-title":"Expression of the CXCL12\/CXCR4 and CXCL16\/CXCR6 axes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2013.09.017","article-title":"CXCL16 and CXCR6 in Ewing sarcoma family tumor","volume":"45","author":"Na","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.11.013","article-title":"Profiles of chemokine receptors in melanocytic lesions: De novo expression of CXCR6 in melanoma","volume":"38","author":"Seidl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5732\/cjc.010.10490","article-title":"Chemokine axes CXCL12\/CXCR4 and CXCL16\/CXCR6 correlate with lymph node metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1136","article-title":"Cutting edge: Profile of chemokine receptor expression on human plasma cells accounts for their efficient recruitment to target tissues","volume":"170","author":"Nakayama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S183043","article-title":"Fibrosis of mesothelial cell-induced peritoneal implantation of ovarian cancer cells","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.03.200","article-title":"CXCL16 is a novel angiogenic factor for human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"331","author":"Zhuge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8508","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208231200","article-title":"Angiogenic effects of interleukin 8 (CXCL8) in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells are mediated by CXCR2","volume":"278","author":"Heidemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27152","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27152","article-title":"Hypoxia induced CCL28 promotes angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting CCR3 on endothelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03123.x","article-title":"Enhanced expression and shedding of the transmembrane chemokine CXCL16 by reactive astrocytes and glioma cells","volume":"93","author":"Ludwig","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13050","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13050","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted CXCL16 attracts monocytes to promote stroma activation in triple-negative breast cancers","volume":"7","author":"Allaoui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.2164","article-title":"The transmembrane chemokines CXCL16 and CX3CL1 and their receptors are expressed in human meningiomas","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2766","article-title":"Recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells into prostate tumours promotes metastasis","volume":"4","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1614","article-title":"Recruited brain tumor-derived mesenchymal stem cells contribute to brain tumor progression","volume":"32","author":"Behnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406655111","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent signaling between triple-negative breast cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells promotes macrophage recruitment","volume":"111","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3214","article-title":"Chemokine expression profile of freshly isolated human glioblastoma-associated macrophages\/microglia","volume":"32","author":"Hattermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4074","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-3639","article-title":"CD38-Expressing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Esophageal Cancer","volume":"75","author":"Karakasheva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.04.010","article-title":"Subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma express chemokines and chemokine receptors differentially","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.78","article-title":"Papillary renal cell carcinoma-derived chemerin, IL-8, and CXCL16 promote monocyte recruitment and differentiation into foam-cell macrophages","volume":"97","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0019-x","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived CXCL16 induces M2 macrophage polarization that in turn inactivates NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49613-z","article-title":"CXCL16 positively correlated with M2-macrophage infiltration, enhanced angiogenesis, and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1333213","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1333213","article-title":"Colony-stimulating factor-1-induced AIF1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages enhances the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03745.x","article-title":"Expression of the CXCR6 on polymorphonuclear neutrophils in pancreatic carcinoma and in acute, localized bacterial infections","volume":"154","author":"Gaida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.11.032","article-title":"CXCR6 and CCR5 localize T lymphocyte subsets in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"180","author":"Parsonage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.10.035","article-title":"T lymphocyte recruitment into renal cell carcinoma tissue: A role for chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR6, CCR5, and CCR6","volume":"61","author":"Oldham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-019-0509-3","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts-heroes or villains?","volume":"121","author":"Gieniec","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6031670","article-title":"Tumor-associated macrophages as major players in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"6","author":"Chanmee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4185","article-title":"The role of microglia and macrophages in glioma maintenance and progression","volume":"19","author":"Hambardzumyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3424","article-title":"High-level expression of chemokine CXCL16 by tumor cells correlates with a good prognosis and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer","volume":"67","author":"Hojo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"65","article-title":"Expression of CXCL16 in human rectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Hugander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.01.004","article-title":"The Nature of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"37","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0222-4","article-title":"Tumour-associated neutrophils in patients with cancer","volume":"16","author":"Shaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14069","article-title":"Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?","volume":"110","author":"Ohue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0317","article-title":"An Antibody Designed to Improve Adoptive NK-Cell Therapy Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Progression in a Murine Model","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"19","article-title":"Lung tumor microenvironment induces specific gene expression signature in intratumoral NK cells","volume":"4","author":"Caer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2016.08.006","article-title":"Irradiation of breast cancer cells enhances CXCL16 ligand expression and induces the migration of natural killer cells expressing the CXCR6 receptor","volume":"18","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02319-7","article-title":"HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells secrete chemokines which induce chemoattraction and intracellular calcium mobilization in NK92 cells","volume":"68","author":"Elemam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01838","article-title":"Tissue-Specific Roles of NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity","volume":"9","author":"Terabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25066","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15339","article-title":"The combined action of mast cell chymase, tryptase and carboxypeptidase A3 protects against melanoma colonization of the lung","volume":"8","author":"Grujic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8172","article-title":"Critical role for CXC chemokine ligand 16 (SR-PSOX) in Th1 response mediated by NKT cells","volume":"179","author":"Shimaoka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.247","article-title":"CXCR6 Inhibits Hepatocarcinogenesis by Promoting Natural Killer T\u2212 and CD4+ T-Cell-Dependent Control of Senescence","volume":"156","author":"Mossanen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803520","article-title":"Enhanced tumor metastasis in response to blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR6 is overcome by NKT cell activation","volume":"183","author":"Cullen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan5931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan5931","article-title":"Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells","volume":"360","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.2185","article-title":"Chemokine CXCL16 suppresses liver metastasis of colorectal cancer via augmentation of tumor-infiltrating natural killer T cells in a murine model","volume":"29","author":"Kee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, Y.S., Gao, Q., Xu, X.N., Li, Y.W., Ju, M.J., Cai, M.Y., Dai, C.X., Hu, J., Qiu, S.J., and Zhou, J. (2013). Combination of intratumoral invariant natural killer T cells and interferon-gamma is associated with prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070345"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1160979","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1160979","article-title":"CXCL16-positive dendritic cells enhance invariant natural killer T cell-dependent IFN\u03b3 production and tumor control","volume":"5","author":"Veinotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbdelMageed, M., Ali, H., Olsson, L., Lindmark, G., Hammarstr\u00f6m, M.L., Hammarstr\u00f6m, S., and Sitohy, B. (2019). The Chemokine CXCL16 Is a New Biomarker for Lymph Node Analysis of Colon Cancer Outcome. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225793"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S197354","article-title":"Elevated expression of CXCL16 correlates with poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2011.08.027","article-title":"Role and clinicopathologic significance of CXC chemokine ligand 16 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6 expression in gastric carcinomas","volume":"43","author":"Xing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Gene Expression Profiling of Chemokines and Their Receptors in Low and High Grade Astrocytoma","volume":"18","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"419","article-title":"Clinical significance of CXCL16\/CXCR6 expression in patients with prostate cancer","volume":"4","author":"Ha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"264","article-title":"Molecular pathways in cancer-related inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Allavena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2012.976","article-title":"Expression analysis and clinical significance of CXCL16\/CXCR6 in patients with bladder cancer","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104946","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20737","article-title":"Soluble chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) in urine as a novel biomarker candidate to identify high grade and muscle invasive urothelial carcinomas","volume":"8","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6088","article-title":"Association between CXCL16\/CXCR6 expression and the clinicopathological features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"13","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.55","article-title":"Elevated serum CXCL16 is an independent predictor of poor survival in ovarian cancer and may reflect pro-metastatic ADAM protease activity","volume":"110","author":"Gooden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13387","article-title":"The clinical significance of CXCL16 in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Shibata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260419","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419","article-title":"Proteomics. Tissue-based map of the human proteome","volume":"347","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaan2507","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan2507","article-title":"A pathology atlas of the human cancer transcriptome","volume":"357","author":"Uhlen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_184","first-page":"16","article-title":"Investigation of the association between C-X-C motif chemokine receptor subunits and tumor infiltration levels and prognosis in patients with early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"3711","article-title":"Expression of chemokine receptor CXCR6 in human colorectal adenocarcinomas","volume":"24","author":"Dimberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.08.019","article-title":"High expression of CXC chemokine receptor 6 associates with poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1860.1","article-title":"Up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL16 is a common response of tumor cells to ionizing radiation","volume":"173","author":"Matsumura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2019.126899","article-title":"Discovery of small molecule antagonists of chemokine receptor CXCR6 that arrest tumor growth in SK-HEP-1 mouse xenografts as a model of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Peddibhotla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.04.001","article-title":"Prostate cancer cells hyper-activate CXCR6 signaling by cleaving CXCL16 to overcome effect of docetaxel","volume":"454","author":"Kapur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31652","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9386","article-title":"CXCL16 regulates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"7","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1302-8","article-title":"Entry and exit of chemotherapeutically-promoted cellular dormancy in glioblastoma cells is differentially affected by the chemokines CXCL12, CXCL16, and CX3CL1","volume":"39","author":"Adamski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2019.1599662","article-title":"Glioblastoma vs. temozolomide: Can the red queen race be won?","volume":"20","author":"Arora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.01.026","article-title":"The role of bevacizumab in solid tumours: A literature based meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"75","author":"Roviello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/7\/3490\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:53:12Z","timestamp":1760363592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/7\/3490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]},"references-count":193,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms22073490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22073490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,28]]}}}